Abstract: .beta.-1,4-glucans, particularly cellobiose, can be used to inhibit the glucan-specific enzymatic pathway in an amebocyte lysate. So inhibited, the amebocyte lysate can then be used to specifically detect endotoxin in a test sample. .beta.-1,4-glucan inhibitors can be used in a variety of amebocyte lysate assays, including kinetic-chromogenic, end-point chromogenic, turbidimetric, gel-clot, and ELISA assays.