Abstract: Disclosed is a radio frequency (RF) calorimeter having National Metrology Institute (NMI) traceable measurement accuracy with uncertainty of less than about ±0.25%, including the incorporation of a low-frequency reference source integral to the calorimeter for the purpose of self-calibration, a load with very high thermal efficiency, a temperature-controlled load enclosure, a vacuum relay high-power RF switch, an integrated low-frequency reference source, a non-reactive coolant liquid, a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger, a self-calibration routine that can be performed on demand, and machine learning algorithms to create more accurate data models.

Abstract: Disclosed is a channel-selective RF power sensor having a coupler and a channel-selective power measurement circuit. The said coupler is configured to obtain a sample of energy travelling on a main transmission line and provide the sample of energy to the channel-selective power measurement circuit. The sample of energy has a channel of interest. The channel-selective power measurement circuit is configured to measure RF energy information for the channel of interest in the sample of energy. Also disclosed is a method of measuring RF energy information for a channel of interest. The method includes providing a channel-selective RF power sensor and a main transmission line and obtaining a sample of energy from the main transmission line using a coupler of the channel-selective RF power sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a capacitive non-directional coupler having a non-directional coupler printed circuit board (PCB) and a capacitive attenuator. The non-directional coupler PCB includes a coupler section configured to carry energy travelling on a main transmission line. The non-directional coupler PCB and the capacitive attenuator are configured as a capacitive voltage divider, and provide a sample of the energy on the main transmission line. Also disclosed is a method for measuring for measuring RF power using an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler that includes with the non-directional coupler printed circuit board and the capacitive attenuator. Also disclosed is an RF power metering system that includes an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radio frequency (RF) power sensor having measurement uncertainty of less than about ±0.3%, with the ability to adjust its own calibration to maintain its accuracy over time and changing environmental conditions, by means of a suite of environmental and condition-monitoring sensors that are correlated through a model of the power sensor to the behavior of multiple measurement channels in the presence of a wide range of environmental conditions and customer use-cases. The model can incorporate one or more of artificial intelligence, machine learning, neural network, and/or large data model.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid-cooled termination for calorimic RF power measurement having an RF transmission line, a coolant flowpath having a coolant input and a coolant output, and an RF load. The RF transmission line being electrical communication with said RF load having a resistor and a heat sink. The RF load is in the coolant flowpath, such that said heat generated by the RF power being applied to the RF load through said RF transmission line is convected to the coolant while said coolant flows past said RF load.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radio frequency (RF) calorimeter having National Metrology Institute (NMI) traceable measurement accuracy with uncertainty of less than about +0.25%, including the incorporation of a low-frequency reference source integral to the calorimeter for the purpose of self-calibration, a load with very high thermal efficiency, a temperature-controlled load enclosure, a vacuum relay high-power RF switch, an integrated low-frequency reference source, a non-reactive coolant liquid, a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger, a self-calibration routine that can be performed on demand, and machine learning algorithms to create more accurate data models.

Abstract: Disclosed is a directional coupler circuit that has improved performance in the areas of directivity and frequency range, when compared with conventional directional couplers. The disclosed directional coupler circuit improves performance in at least two ways. The first is by the use of the voltage operational amplifier that unloads the capacitive voltage divider. The second is using forward and reflected transimpedance operational amplifier circuits to provide a short circuit to the coupling coil, namely a forward direction current sample circuit having a forward transimpedance operational amplifier and a reflected direction current sample circuit having a reflected transimpedance operational amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a directional coupler circuit that has improved performance in the areas of directivity and frequency range, when compared with conventional directional couplers. The disclosed directional coupler circuit improves performance in at least two ways. The first is by the use of the voltage operational amplifier that unloads the capacitive voltage divider. The second is using forward and reflected transimpedance operational amplifier circuits to provide a short circuit to the coupling coil, namely a forward direction current sample circuit having a forward transimpedance operational amplifier and a reflected direction current sample circuit having a reflected transimpedance operational amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a directional coupler circuit that has improved performance in the areas of directivity and frequency range, when compared with conventional directional couplers. The disclosed directional coupler circuit improves performance in at least two ways. The first is by the use of the voltage operational amplifier that unloads the capacitive voltage divider. The second is using forward and reflected transimpedance operational amplifier circuits to provide a short circuit to the coupling coil, namely a forward direction current sample circuit having a forward transimpedance operational amplifier and a reflected direction current sample circuit having a reflected transimpedance operational amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a capacitive non-directional coupler having a non-directional coupler printed circuit board (PCB) and a capacitive attenuator. The non-directional coupler PCB includes a coupler section configured to carry energy travelling on a main transmission line. The non-directional coupler PCB and the capacitive attenuator are configured as a capacitive voltage divider, and provide a sample of the energy on the main transmission line. Also disclosed is a method for measuring for measuring RF power using an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler that includes with the non-directional coupler printed circuit board and the capacitive attenuator. Also disclosed is an RF power metering system that includes an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler.

Abstract: Disclosed is a capacitive non-directional coupler having a non-directional coupler printed circuit board (PCB) and a capacitive attenuator. The non-directional coupler PCB includes a coupler section configured to carry energy travelling on a main transmission line. The non-directional coupler PCB and the capacitive attenuator are configured as a capacitive voltage divider, and provide a sample of the energy on the main transmission line. Also disclosed is a method for measuring for measuring RF power using an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler that includes with the non-directional coupler printed circuit board and the capacitive attenuator. Also disclosed is an RF power metering system that includes an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler.

Abstract: Disclosed is a directional coupler having a coupler, a forward resistive attenuator, a reflected resistive attenuator, a forward compensation capacitor, and a reflected compensation capacitor. A forward coupler side arm and reflected coupler side arm of the coupler are configured to obtain a sample of forward energy and a sample of reflected energy from the coupler transmission line section. The forward resistive attenuator and reflected resistive attenuator are configured to attenuate the sample of forward energy and the sample of reflected energy. The forward compensation capacitor and the reflected compensation capacitor are configured to receive the attenuated sample of forward energy and the attenuated sample of reflected energy and produce a frequency-compensated sample of forward energy and a frequency-compensated sample of reflected energy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a passive intermodulation (PIM) test system having a pulsed signal generator configured to generate and apply a pulsed stimulus signal to a device under test. The PIM test system is further configured to measure a power of at least one PIM product generated by a PIM source in the device under test using the pulsed stimulus signal. Also disclosed in a method for evaluating PIM in a device under test, the method includes using a pulsed stimulus signal to measure a power of at least one PIM product generated by a PIM source in the device under test.

Abstract: Disclosed is a capacitive non-directional coupler having a non-directional coupler printed circuit board (PCB) and a capacitive attenuator. The non-directional coupler PCB includes a coupler section configured to carry energy travelling on a main transmission line. The non-directional coupler PCB and the capacitive attenuator are configured as a capacitive voltage divider, and provide a sample of the energy on the main transmission line. Also disclosed is a method for measuring for measuring RF power using an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler that includes with the non-directional coupler printed circuit board and the capacitive attenuator. Also disclosed is an RF power metering system that includes an RF power sensor having the capacitive non-directional coupler.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radio frequency (RF) power calorimeter having a load electrically coupled to a RF input, a variable low-frequency power source electrically coupled to the load and configured to apply low-frequency bias to the load. The RF power calorimeter includes a thermal medium thermally coupled to the load. Additionally, the RF power calorimeter includes an outlet temperature sensor thermally coupled to the thermal medium, the outlet temperature sensor being positioned to measure the temperature of the thermal medium due to heating by the load. The RF power calorimeter also has circuitry configured to use temperature measurements of the thermal medium in thermal contact with an RF load in combination with the low-frequency bias to measure average power of an RF source electrically coupled to the RF input. Also disclosed in a method of measuring RF power using the RF power calorimeter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radio frequency (RF) power calorimeter having a load electrically coupled to a RF input, a variable low-frequency power source electrically coupled to the load and configured to apply low-frequency bias to the load. The RF power calorimeter includes a thermal medium thermally coupled to the load. Additionally, the RF power calorimeter includes an outlet temperature sensor thermally coupled to the thermal medium, the outlet temperature sensor being positioned to measure the temperature of the thermal medium due to heating by the load. The RF power calorimeter also has circuitry configured to use temperature measurements of the thermal medium in thermal contact with an RF load in combination with the low-frequency bias to measure average power of an RF source electrically coupled to the RF input. Also disclosed in a method of measuring RF power using the RF power calorimeter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radio frequency (RF) power calorimeter having a load electrically coupled to a RF input, a variable low-frequency power source electrically coupled to the load and configured to apply low-frequency bias to the load. The RF power calorimeter includes a thermal medium thermally coupled to the load. Additionally, the RF power calorimeter includes an outlet temperature sensor thermally coupled to the thermal medium, the outlet temperature sensor being positioned to measure the temperature of the thermal medium due to heating by the load. The RF power calorimeter also has circuitry configured to use temperature measurements of the thermal medium in thermal contact with an RF load in combination with the low-frequency bias to measure average power of an RF source electrically coupled to the RF input. Also disclosed in a method of measuring RF power using the RF power calorimeter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a passive intermodulation (PIM) test system having a pulsed signal generator configured to generate and apply a pulsed stimulus signal to a device under test. The PIM test system is further configured to measure a power of at least one PIM product generated by a PIM source in the device under test using the pulsed stimulus signal. Also disclosed in a method for Cevaluating PIM in a device under test, the method includes using a pulsed stimulus signal to measure a power of at least one PIM product generated by a PIM source in the device under test.

Abstract: The invention provides an in-line power monitor for an RF transmission line that is capable of being calibrated in-line during live conditions at the exact power level and frequency where it is used. This device uses forward and reflected directional couplers and a non-directional coupler to sample the RF voltage on the transmission line. The RF voltage of the forward and reflected channels are each split into two paths, one going to a test port and the other leading to additional circuitry which prepares the signals of the forward and reflected channels for output to power displays. Additionally, the monitor allows the user to compensate for any voltage offsets introduced by various circuitry components. Further, the monitor also allows to user to individually calibrate the output of the forward and reflected channels by applying an adjustable gain ratio correction to each channel.

Abstract: The invention provides an in-line power monitor for an RF transmission line that is capable of being calibrated in-line during live conditions at the exact power level and frequency where it is used. This device uses forward and reflected directional couplers and a non-directional coupler to sample the RF voltage on the transmission line. The RF voltage of the forward and reflected channels are each split into two paths, one going to a test port and the other leading to additional circuitry which prepares the signals of the forward and reflected channels for output to power displays. Additionally, the monitor allows the user to compensate for any voltage offsets introduced by various circuitry components. Further, the monitor also allows to user to individually calibrate the output of the forward and reflected channels by applying an adjustable gain ratio correction to each channel.