Abstract: A programming device for providing a signal relating to movement of a movable device. An inner part is connected to the part of the device to be programmed. A casing, which is controlled by the programmer's hand, surrounds the inner part. Measuring systems, which measure relative movements between the casing and the inner part resulting from moving the casing are placed between the inner part and the casing. These measuring systems consist of a sliding carriage moving linearly on the inner part and a ball located between two pins which are connected to the casing. The pins are surrounded by springs which are fixed, on one hand, to the casing and, on the other hand, to arms of the carriage guide. Movements of the sliding carriage relative to the inner part are measured.

Abstract: A robot arm consisting of an upper arm link and a lower arm link which are interconnected by a uniaxial joint. The upper arm link is connected with a structure via a universal joint. In order to attain a weight balance, a bellcrank level is placed on the upper arm link, on whose one lever arm an upwardly directed equalizing force acts and whose other lever arm is connected to the lower arm link. If both arm links are in alignment with one another, then the point of application of force on the one lever arm has its greatest distance to the universal joint. If, on the other hand, the lower arm link is swung out of its alignment with the upper arm link, then the distance between the point of application of force and the universal joint is decreased.

Abstract: A gripping hand for a manipulator which consists of several hollow elements, simulating the human hand, which are linked to one another by articulations, whereby each member has a corresponding, reversibly actuated positioning drive and a sensor. For programming, the sensors detect the movements of the elements which are derived from a human hand inserted in the gripping hand, and the signals from the sensors determine the program which the elements perform, controlled by the relevant positioning drive. The gripping hand is associated with an arm which can be programmed by the movements of the gripping hand, if a human hand describing these movements is inserted in the gripping hand, and this arm can perform movements in three mutually perpendicular axes and rotary movements.

Abstract: A robot arm consisting of an upper arm link and a lower arm link which are interconnected by a uniaxial joint. The upper arm link is connected with a structure via a universal joint. In order to attain a weight balance, a toggle lever is placed on the upper arm link, on whose one lever arm an upwardly directed equalizing force acts and whose other lever arm is connected to the lower arm link. If both arm links are in alignment with one another, then the point of application of force on the one lever arm has its greatest distance to the universal joint. If, on the other hand, the lower arm link is swung out of its alignment with the upper arm link, then the distance between the point of application of force and the universal joint is decreased.