Abstract: A deepwater photobioreactor system including a vertical stack extending between an ocean surface and an ocean floor. The vertical stack includes an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit where the inlet conduit is arranged to transport at least seawater and the outlet conduit is arranged to transport at least a biomass. The system includes a photobioreactor in fluid communication with the inlet conduit and the outlet conduit that is connected to the vertical stack via the inlet and outlet conduits at a first position along the vertical stack below the ocean surface. The first bioreactor is arranged to cultivate the biomass and is positioned below the photic zone of the ocean. The system also includes a mooring system connected to the vertical stack and to the ocean floor and arranged to receive the biomass via the outlet conduit and output the biomass to a harvest pipeline.

Abstract: Disclosed are biodegradable compositions, suitable for using in packaging, containing an Ulva polysaccharide, a nanomaterial, a non-Ulva biomass, and a non-phthalate plasticizer, and methods of forming thereof.