Abstract: Processes and compositions reduce free fatty acid (FFA) in oils and fats and in neutral or acidic alkyl ester. The oils and fats or alkyl ester is heated to temperatures from 90° F. to 150° F., and lower numbered alcohol and dilute caustic are added. The mixture is stirred moderately, and allowed to settle into two phases—a FFA phase and a second low FFA phase, containing either oils and fats or alkyl ester. The two phases are separated. The recovery of both glycerin and lower numbered alcohols is increased. Some compositions for reducing FFA comprise lower numbered alcohol and dilute caustic. The processes and compositions reduce FFA levels to meet fuel standards.

Abstract: Push-on friction fit connectors for LED light strips form continuous flexible ribbon light strips. The low voltage light strips are cut at contacts periodically exposed along the strips. Ends of the strips with exposed contacts are pushed into receivers. Bent inward wires make frictionally connect contacts at ends of the strips. Wires extending through edges of the receivers are soldered to exposed contacts on printed circuit boards on which the spaced receivers are mounted. Circuits with contacts on the boards are connected to wires extending from the spaced receivers. Tops and sides of the receivers and bottom edges of the circuit board are protected by two-part outer covers. The covers are bonded or sonically welded to the receivers and the circuit board, leaving only outer ends of the receivers and their openings exposed.