Abstract: BN nanosheets are prepared by a method comprising heating to a temperature of at least 500° C., a mixture comprising: (1) an alkali borohydride, and (2) an ammonium salt. NaN3 may be included to increase the yield. No catalyst is required, and the product produced contains less than 0.1 atomic percent metal impurities.

Abstract: A method for laser assisted machining is provided, by utilizing a computer to develop interrelated heating and machining plans, from a variety of input data describing the material to be machined, the properties of lasers and pyrometers used for heating the material, and computer models of the machining arrangement, workpiece and final part to be produced. An iterative process continues until the machining and heating plans result in the cutting zone of the workpiece being maintained at a desired temperature with no obstruction in the line-of-sight of at least one laser and pyrometer throughout the machining process, while also maintaining the cutting tool at or below a desired maximum temperature.

Abstract: BN nanosheets are prepared by a method comprising heating to a temperature of at least 500° C., a mixture comprising: (1) an alkali borohydride, and (2) an ammonium salt. NaN3 may be included to increase the yield. No catalyst is required, and the product produced contains less than 0.1 atomic percent metal impurities.

Abstract: Pyrazolopyrimidine compounds for inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis have a formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In formula (I), R1 includes an alkyl group and R2 includes an optionally substituted moiety selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted benzyl group, an optionally substituted phenethyl group, an optionally substituted ethanol group, an optionally substituted ethyl acetate group, an optionally substituted methyl furan group, an optionally substituted 3-ethyl indole group, and a lower alkyl group. Compositions containing pyrazolopyrimidine compounds and methods for using pyrazolopyrimidine compounds are described.

Abstract: A light-harvesting material comprises a perovskite absorber doped with a metal chalcogenide. The light-harvesting material may be used in a photovoltaic device, comprising (1) a first conductive layer, (2) an optional blocking layer, on the first conductive layer, (3) a semiconductor layer, on the first conductive layer, (4) a light-harvesting material, on the semiconductor layer, (5) a hole transport material, on the light-harvesting material, and (6) a second conductive layer, on the hole transport material.

Abstract: A calorimeter head and an associated system are provided. The calorimeter head provides symmetric circumferential laminar flow parallel to the bottom plane of a substrate plate of the calorimeter head. The calorimeter head defines a cavity which employs multiple tangentially arranged inlets for receipt of a flow of coolant from a control unit of the system.

Abstract: A method of producing an alcohol, comprises reducing an aldehyde or a ketone with a hydridosilatrane. The reducing is carried out with an activator.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for simple, non-invasive, sustained delivery of ophthalmic substances to the interior of the eye, for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases and conditions. Liposomes and inverted micelles are disclosed as suitable vehicles, and timed release of the substances is effected. Delivery methods include coating of a lens or injection into the eye.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device, comprises (1) a first conductive layer, (2) an optional blocking layer, on the first conductive layer, (3) a semiconductor layer, on the first conductive layer, (4) a light-harvesting material, on the semiconductor layer, (5) a hole transport material, on the light-harvesting material, and (6) a second conductive layer, on the hole transport material. The light-harvesting material comprises a perovskite absorber, and the second conductive layer comprises nickel. The semiconductor layer may comprise Ti02 nanowires. The light-harvesting material may comprise a perovskite absorber containing a pseudohalogen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the processing of tissue and cellular material during cryopreservation and/or processing for microscopy. The method and apparatus maximizes heat transfer coefficients by using liquid-free cryopreservation protocols and maximizing glass transition characteristics through increasing pressure during cryopreservation. Cooling rates combined with megapascal pressures reduced the required concentration of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) needed for ice-free cell and tissue cryopreservation.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for introducing molecular switch functionality into a protein affinity reagent to render its binding to a target molecule sensitive to an environmental trigger, such as pH, while maintaining binding affinity to the target molecule. Combinatorial libraries created by the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Antibacterial and antimalarial IspF inhibitor compounds and compositions are described. Methods include administering described compounds and compositions to treat bacterial or parasitic infections and to inhibit parasite or bacterial growth.

Abstract: A method of producing an alcohol, comprises reducing an aldehyde or a ketone with a hydridosilatrane. The reducing is carried out with an activator.

Abstract: A manganese oxide contains M1, optionally M2, Mn and O. M1 is selected from the group consisting of In, Sc, Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. M2 is different from M1, and M2 is selected from the group consisting of Bi, In, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. These ceramic materials are hexagonal in structure, and provide superior materials for gas separation and oxygen storage.

Abstract: Reducing feedback in an input signal that contains a signal component based on an output signal from a proximate output. The input signal is separated into a plurality of frequency bands by band pass filters. The power of signal in each band is determined, and the band signal with the greatest power is selected. That band's signal is sampled at a sampling rate, and at regular intervals one of the samples is selected. Blind signal separation is used to estimate signal sources from the selected samples. The estimated signals are compared to the output signal, and the estimated signal most similar to the output signal is subtracted from the input signal.

Abstract: Artificial ices enable the study of geometrical frustration by design and through direct observation. It has, however, proven difficult to achieve tailored long-range ordering of their diverse configurations, limiting both fundamental and applied research directions. An artificial spin structure design is described that produces a magnetic charge ice with tunable long-range ordering of eight different configurations. A technique is also developed to precisely manipulate the local magnetic charge states and demonstrate write-read-erase multi-functionality at room temperature. This globally reconfigurable and locally writable magnetic charge ice provides a setting for designing magnetic monopole defects, tailoring magnetics and controlling the properties of other two-dimensional materials.

Abstract: A prodrug having antioxidant activity, including a phosphorylated compound having a thiol group. A method of treating oxidative stress by administering a prodrug of a phosphorylated compound including a thiol group, removing a phosphate group of the prodrug, and treating oxidative stress. A method of increasing bioavailability of a thiol compound by creating a prodrug by phosphorylating a thiol compound, administering the prodrug, preventing first pass metabolism of the prodrug, removing a phosphate group from the prodrug, and providing active drug to a site in need of therapy from oxidative stress. A method of preventing radiation damage to healthy tissue by administering a prodrug comprising a phosphorylated compound including a thiol group, removing a phosphate group of the prodrug to provide active drug, and preventing radiation damage to healthy tissue.

Abstract: A capacitor for a hydrogen sensor includes a dielectric substrate, a first electrode on the dielectric substrate, a second electrode on the dielectric substrate, and palladium islands on the dielectric substrate and between the first and second electrodes. The palladium islands are electrically isolated from the first and second electrodes and from each other.

Abstract: A network of nanowires may be used for a sensor. The nanowires are metallic, each nanowire has a thickness of at most 20 nm, and each nanowire has a width of at most 20 nm. The sensor may include nanowires comprising Pd, and the sensor may sense a change in hydrogen concentration from 0 to 100%. A device may include the hydrogen sensor, such as a vehicle, a fuel cell, a hydrogen storage tank, a facility for manufacturing steel, or a facility for refining petroleum products.

Abstract: A prodrug having antioxidant activity, including a phosphorylated compound having a thiol group. A method of treating oxidative stress by administering a prodrug of a phosphorylated compound including a thiol group, removing a phosphate group of the prodrug, and treating oxidative stress. A method of increasing bioavailability of a thiol compound by creating a prodrug by phosphorylating a thiol compound, administering the prodrug, preventing first pass metabolism of the prodrug, removing a phosphate group from the prodrug, and providing active drug to a site in need of therapy from oxidative stress. A method of preventing radiation damage to healthy tissue by administering a prodrug comprising a phosphorylated compound including a thiol group, removing a phosphate group of the prodrug to provide active drug, and preventing radiation damage to healthy tissue.