Abstract: Methods and systems for producing a three-dimensional structure using electrochemical additive manufacturing are described herein. The methods can comprise injecting a growth control solution into an electrolyte comprising a metal salt to form a growth control region and applying an electric potential to a working electrode to thereby form a layer of metal at a location defined by the growth control region. The injecting and applying steps of the methods can be repeated for form the three-dimensional structure on a layer-by-layer basis.

Abstract: A weather forecasting system has weather forecasting logic that receives weather data from a satellite or other source, such as radar. The weather forecasting logic processes such data to identify cumulus clouds. For each cumulus cloud identified, the weather forecasting logic applies interest field tests and feeds the results into formulas derived based on measurements from current and past weather events. The model determines a score indicating the likelihood of the cumulus cloud forming precipitation and a score indicating the likelihood of the cumulus cloud forming lightning in the future within a certain time period. Based on such scores, the weather forecasting logic predicts in which geographic regions the identified cumulus cloud will produce precipitation and/or lightning during the time period. The predictions of the weather forecasting logic may then be used to provide a weather map thereby providing users with a graphical illustration of the areas.

Abstract: A Hall effect thruster is provided having one or more components fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. Additive manufacturing can be used to fabricate the propellant distributor and the discharge channel of the thruster. The propellant distributor can be separated from the anode of the thruster and can form the base of the discharge channel. The discharge channel can be detachably connected to the propellant distributor using one of a threaded connection or a snap-fit connection. The discharge channel can have an annular shape and electromagnets and magnetic poles can be placed in the surrounding areas of the discharge channel.

Abstract: Various implementations include an aeration device. The aeration device includes a venturi tube and an outlet tube. The venturi tube has an outlet port and an air intake port. The outlet tube has a first end coupled to the outlet port of the venturi tube, a second end opposite and spaced apart from the first end, and an intermediate portion disposed between the first and second ends of the outlet tube. The intermediate portion is helically shaped and extends around a helical axis of the intermediate portion. The intermediate portion extends at least one rotation about the helical axis.

Abstract: Methods for electrodeposition using aqueous electrolytes where water molecules are depleted are described herein. Methods of electrodepositing superconducting thin films from aqueous electrolytes where water molecules are depleted are also described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for treating, reducing or preventing oxidative stress in a subject. The compositions can be chewable confectionaries comprising a chewable base, one or more unprocessed phytochemical ingredients, and a sweetener comprising allulose. The unprocessed phytochemical ingredients can include ground plant materials selected from cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice, or combinations thereof. The chewable confectionary can exhibit a polyphenolic content of at least 100 ?g gallic acid equivalents (GAE) or greater, per gram of the chewable confectionary and an antioxidant capacity of at least 3,200 ?M Trolox equivalents per gram of the chewable confectionary, as determined by the oxygen radical absorbance (ORAC) assay. Kits, methods of making and using the chewable confectionary are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, apparatus and computer program product for radar-based communication and interpretation of sign languages such as American Sign language (ASL) comprising detecting, using a radar system comprising a computing device, sign language gestures, wherein said detected sign language gestures comprise radar data; analyzing the radar data using a trained neural network executing on the computing device to determine word or phrases intended by the sign language gestures; and outputting the determined words or phrases in a visible or audible format.

Abstract: A time-wavelength optical sampling system may be configured to determine a substance's composition based on variations in optical pulses caused by the substance's absorption of wavelengths of the pulse. A dispersion medium may disperse pulses to form stretched signal pulses that are incident on a substance under test. Optical gating is used to overlap each signal pulse with a portion of a reference pulse to generate a cross-correlation signal corresponding to a portion of the signal pulse, which may be detected by a slow detection speed detector. A controller controls delay introduced to the reference pulses so that different wavelength ranges are sampled for various signal pulses, thereby enabling the entire wavelength range for the signal pulses to be sampled over time without requiring an expensive high-speed optical detector. By analyzing absorption across the entire wavelength range as indicated by cross-correlation signals, the composition of the substance can be identified.

Abstract: Methods for extracting metabolites from mushroom comprising dispersing a sample of the mushroom; contacting the sample with a first solvent system at a temperature of 80° C. or greater to extract at least a first portion of metabolites from the sample; and contacting the sample with a second solvent system at a temperature of 80° C. or greater to extract at least a second portion of metabolites from the sample, wherein the combined first portion of metabolites and the second portion of metabolites include primary and secondary metabolites from the mushroom. A high-throughput process for establishing a metabolic profile of a mushroom, such as Amanita mushroom, can comprise extracting metabolites from mushroom and analyzing the extracted metabolites by automatic peak recognition or peak integration. Assay for identifying and/or assessing candidate metabolites extracted from Amanita mushroom are also disclosed.

Abstract: A coupling system can include an energy transfer device and a load mitigation system. The energy transfer device can include a shaft, gear, chain or piston-cylinder arrangement to transfer the energy from a power supply to an object to be moved. The load mitigation system can be used to limit or prevent the transfer of forces from the object to the drive unit as a result of external loads being applied to the object. The load mitigation system can be pre-loaded such that external loads on the object having an excessive impulsive or resonant cyclic force greater than the pre-load force on the load mitigation system are reduced and only partially transferred to the energy transfer device and power supply. The load mitigation system can dampen both resonant loads and impulsive impact loads occurring at the object thereby preventing damage and extending life.

Abstract: Described herein is a diffusion-based ex-situ group V element doping method in the CdCl2 heat-treated polycrystalline CdTe film. The ex-situ doping using group V halides, such as PCl3, AsCl3, SbCl3, or BiCl3, demonstrated a promising PCE of ˜18% and long-term light soaking stability in CdSe/CdTe and CdS/CdTe devices with decent carrier concentration>1015 cm?3. This ex-situ solution or vapor process can provide a low-cost alternative pathway for effective doping of As, as well as P, Sb, and Bi, in CdTe solar cells with limited deviation from the current CdTe manufacturing process.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for the detection, quantification, and/or monitoring of analytes in samples. The systems and methods can be used, for example, to track the deposition and electrochemical behavior of individual nanoparticles and nanoparticles clusters clusters in situ with high spatial and temporal resolution. The systems and methods can be used to track the deposition and oxidation of several hundreds to thousands of nanoparticles simultaneously and reconstruct their voltammetric curves at the single nanoparticle level.

Abstract: A weather forecasting system has a data processing system that receives weather data from one or more sources and processes such data in conjunction with a weather forecasting algorithm in order to forecast weather for one or more geographic regions. In this regard, the weather data is input into a machine learning algorithm, which applies learned weights and relationships to the inputs in order to calculate at least one score indicating a probability that precipitation or other weather event will occur in the future within a certain time period (e.g., within the next 1 hour or some other unit of time) in one or more geographic regions. For each such geographic region, the weather forecasting logic may also predict the extent to which rain or other precipitation, lightning, or other weather event will occur during the time period.

Abstract: Various implementations include an assistive hamstring device including a belt, knee sleeve, first elastic strap, second elastic strap, and third elastic strap. The first elastic strap extends between a first dorsal belt portion of the belt located adjacent a sagittal plane on a dorsal side of the person and a lateral knee portion of the knee sleeve located adjacent a lateral side of the knee. The second elastic strap extends between a side belt portion of the belt located adjacent a coronal plane of the person and a medial knee portion of the knee sleeve located adjacent a medial side of the knee. The third elastic strap extends between a second dorsal belt portion of the belt located between the first and side belt portion and an intermediate dorsal knee portion of the knee sleeve located between the lateral and medial knee portion, along the dorsal portion of the knee.

Abstract: A radiation detection system may include a mobile device having a flash memory. The device may monitor various characteristics of the flash memory to determine when damage to the flash memory has occurred from radiation exposure. The device may associate damage to the flash memory with a radiation dose, and determine a level of radiation to which the memory, and thus the device, has been exposed. The device also may determine a length of time and locations where the radiation exposure has occurred. If the device determines that the level of radiation exposure exceeds a threshold associated with a safe level of radiation exposure for a human user, the device may generate an alert to the user.

Abstract: An example device for simultaneous transfer of alternating current (AC) and directed current (DC) power includes a power converter or inverter circuit having a switch, a power magnetic device comprising a coupled winding, a DC power output loop for delivering DC power to a DC load, and an AC power output loop for delivering AC power to an AC load. The DC power can be a function of a direct current (DC) component of a current of the power inductor, and the AC power can be a function of an induced and/or switching alternating current (AC) ripple component of the current of the power inductor. In addition, the device can include a controller operably coupled to the power converter or inverter circuit. The controller can include a processing unit and a memory and can be configured to independently regulate the DC power and the AC power.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally pertains to green oxidizer compositions and method of synthesizing and using the same. Such green oxidizers are stable, may be used in conventional bipropellant thrusters, including, but not limited to LDACS applications, and offer several benefits over conventional oxidizers with respect to toxicity and/or corrosion. The present disclosure also relates to methods of synthesizing poly-nitrated oxetane, a green oxidizer, in an Argon-rich environment.

Abstract: A dc/dc buck converter controller comprises an artificial neural network (ANN) controller comprising an input layer and an output layer. The input layer receives an error value of a dc/dc buck converter and an integral of the error value. The output layer produces an output error voltage. A pulse-width-modulation (PWM) sliding mode controller (SMC) is configured to receive the output error voltage and produce a control action voltage by multiplying the output error voltage with a PWM gain. A drive circuit is configured to receive the control action voltage and provide a drive voltage to an input switch of the dc/dc buck converter. A PI control block is configured to modify a reference output voltage based on a maximum current constraint input. A locking circuit is configured to maintains the output error voltage at the saturation limit of the PWM SMC to manage a maximum duty cycle constraint.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to implement moving target defense techniques for transportation systems. The moving target defense techniques can randomly change the IP addresses of the nodes associated with both the vehicles and the corresponding control centers. The nodes for the vehicles and the control centers can be “mobile” nodes that use a “care-of” IP address for communications. The care-of address used by the nodes can be updated through a binding update process. During the binding update process, the one node sends the binding update notice (with a new care-of address) to the care-of address of the other node while maintaining its prior care-of address. The node that receives the binding update notice can send a binding acknowledgement back to the node that sent the binding update. Once the binding acknowledgement is received, the prior care-of address can be removed by the node that sent the binding update.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are precursor compounds, composite electrodes comprising the same, and methods of making and use thereof.