Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for recognizing potential overheating of an object. For this purpose the temperature of the object is measured by means of temperature sensors. A signal processing arrangement determines the temperature gradient from the measured temperature values. A comparator compares the determined value of the temperature gradient with a threshold value generated by a threshold value generator. When the threshold value is exceeded, a warning signal generator triggers a warning signal. This warning signal can be an acoustical or optical signal. In addition or alternatively, the warning signal can activate a protective measure arrangement.

Abstract: In a ribbon suspended meridian gyroscope in which the gyroscope restoring moment is compensated by a compensating moment, which compensating moment is measured, a North reference angle is determined from a number of different measurements taken in various azimuthal positions. In order to shorten the total measurement time required, for each current individual measurement, the degree of accuracy required for this current individual measurement is determined from the measurement results of the previous measurements in accordance with the magnitude of the effects caused by an error of the individual measurement upon the error in determining the direction of North. The current individual measurement is then carried out to this degree of accuracy. In this manner, each individual measurement is only carried out to the degree of accuracy which corresponds to the weight of this individual measurement in the total error-budget for the North-determination for the respective North reference angle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sorting bulk material, such as scrap glass, which consists of individual glass parts. Glass scraps are serially fed into a chute and illuminated by a white light source. An optical detector comprising two optical sensors measures optical frequency transmittance data from individual glass scraps, at two frequencies. The two transmittance measurements are logarithmized and a quotient is formed to eliminate the transmittance effect due to glass thickness. The scraps are then classified by a classifier on the basis of the measuring data in accordance with empirically determined classification parameters. The parts are then sorted by a compressed air jet in accordance with the classification. The classification parameters are previously determined by providing a sample of the glass of one color. The measuring data of that sample is determined and optimal classification parameters are then determined on the basis of the measuring data in occurring in the sample.