Abstract: A unique HCV RNA molecule is provided having an enhanced efficiency of establishing cell culture replication. Novel adaptive mutations have been identified within the HCV non-structural region that improves the efficiency of establishing persistently replicating HCV RNA in cell culture. This self-replicating polynucleotide molecule contains, contrary to all previous reports, a 5?-NTR that can be either an A as an alternative to the G already disclosed and therefore provides an alternative to existing systems comprising a self-replicating HCV RNA molecule. The G?A mutation gives rise to HCV RNA molecules that, in conjunction with mutations in the HCV non-structural region, such as the G(2042)C/R mutations, possess greater efficiency of transduction and/or replication. These RNA molecules when transfected in a cell line are useful for evaluating potential inhibitors of HCV replication.

Abstract: An isomer, enantiomer, diastereoisomer or tautomer of a compound, represented by formula I: wherein: A is O, S, NR1, or CR1, wherein R1 is defined herein; represents either a single or a double bond; R2 is selected from: H, halogen, R21, OR21, SR21, COOR21, SO2N(R22)2, N(R22)2, CON(R22)2, NR22C(O)R22 or NR22C(O)NR22 wherein R21 and each R22 is defined herein; B is NR3 or CR3, with the proviso that one of A or B is either CR1 or CR3, wherein R3 is defined herein; K is N or CR4, wherein R4 is defined herein; L is N or CR5, wherein R5 has the same definition as R4; M is N or CR7, wherein R7 has the same definition as R4; Y1 is O or S; Z is N(R6a)R6 or OR6, wherein R6a is H or alkyl or NR61R62 wherein R61 and R62 are defined herein; and R6 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, Het, alkyl-aryl, alkyl-Het; or R6 is wherein R7 and R8 and Q are as defined herein; Y2 is O or S; R9 is H, (C1-6 alkyl), (C3-7)cycloalkyl or (C1-6)alkyl-(C3-7)cycloalkyl, aryl, Het, (C1-6)alkyl-aryl or (C1-6)alkyl-Het, all of which

Abstract: The present invention concerns the development of a cell-based assay system having improved sensitivity to HCV NS3 protease activity when compared to known assays, which is useful for screening test compounds capable of modulating (particularly inhibiting) HCV NS3 protease activity. This system provides a first construct comprising a transactivator domain joined downstream of the NS3-5 domains of HCV under the control of a non-cytopathic viral promoter system. A second construct is also provided that comprises a reporter gene under the control of an operator sensitive to the binding of the transactivator. The NS3-5 domains encodes the NS3 polyprotein which comprises: the NS3 protease, followed by the NS4A co-factor, the NS4B and NS5A proteins (including any derivative, variant or fragment thereof, terminated by the NS5B protein (including any derivative, variant or fragment thereof) sufficient to constitute a NS5A/5B cleavage site.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or its enantiomers or diastereoisomers thereof: wherein: A,; X, W, R1, Y; R3; and R4 are as defined herein. The compounds of the invention may be used as inhibitors of the papilloma virus E1-E2-DNA complex. The invention further provides a method of treating or preventing human papilloma virus infection.

Abstract: An isomer, enantiomer, diastereoisomer or tautomer of a compound, represented by formula I: wherein: A is O, S, NR1, or CR1, wherein R1 is defined herein; ?represents either a single or a double bond; R2 is selected from 6 or 10-membered aryl and Het, each optionally substituted with R20; provided that Het is not a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having 1 or 2 nitrogen heteroatoms; B is NR3 or CR3, with the proviso that one of A or B is either CR1 or CR3, wherein R3 is defined herein; K is N or CR4, wherein R4 is defined herein; L is N or CR5, wherein R5 has the same definition as R4; M is N or CR7, wherein R7 has the same definition as R4; Y1 is O or S; Z is N(R6a)R6 or OR6, wherein R6a is H or alkyl or NR61R62 wherein R61 and R62 are defined herein; and R6 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, Het, alkyl-aryl, alkyl-Het; or R6 is wherein R7 and R8 and Q are as defined herein; Y2 is O or S; R9 is H, (C1-6 alkyl), (C3-7)cycloalkyl or (C1-6)alkyl-(C3-7)cycloalkyl, aryl, Het, (C1-6)alkyl-aryl

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or its enantiomers or diastereoisomers thereof: wherein: A, X, W, R1, Y; R3; and R4 are as defined herein. The compounds of the invention may be used as inhibitors of the papilloma virus E1-E2-DNA complex. The invention further provides a method of treating or preventing human papilloma virus infection.

Abstract: An isomer, enantiomer, diastereoisomer or tautomer of a compound, represented by formula I: wherein: A is O, S, NR1, or CR1, wherein R1 is defined herein; represents either a single or a double bond; R2 is selected from: H, halogen, R21, OR21, SR21, COOR21, SO2N(R22)2, N(R22)2, CON(R22)2, NR22C(O)R22 or NR22C(O)NR22 wherein R21 and each R22 is defined herein; B is NR3 or CR3, with the proviso that one of A or B is either CR1 or CR3, wherein R3 is defined herein; K is N or CR4, wherein R4 is defined herein; L is N or CR5, wherein R5 has the same definition as R4; M is N or CR7, wherein R7 has the same definition as R4; Y1 is O or S; Z is N(R6a)R6 or OR6, wherein R6a is H or alkyl or NR61R62 wherein R61 and R62 are defined herein; and R6 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, Het, alkyl-aryl, alkyl-Het; or R6 is wherein R7 and R8 and Q are as defined herein; Y2 is O or S; R9 is H, (C1-6 alkyl), (C3-7)cycloalkyl or (C1-6)alkyl-(C3-7)cycloalkyl, aryl, Het, (C1-6)alkyl-aryl or (C1-6)alkyl-Het, al

Abstract: A compound of the formula I: wherein: X is CH or N; Y is O or S; Z is OH, NH2, NMeR3, NHR3; OR3 or 5- or 6-membered heterocycle, having 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, said heterocycle being optionally substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents; A is N, COR7 or CR5, wherein R5 is H, halogen, or (C1-6) alkyl and R7 is H or (C1-6 alkyl), with the proviso that X and A are not both N; R6 is H, halogen, (C1-6 alkyl) or OR7, wherein R7 is H or (C1-6 alkyl); R1 is selected from the group consisting of 5- or 6-membered heterocycle having 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S, phenyl, phenyl(C1-3)alkyl, (C2-6)alkenyl, phenyl(C2-6)alkenyl, (C3-6)cycloalkyl, (C1-6)alkyl, CF3, 9- or 10-membered heterobicycle having 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, wherein said heterocycle, phenyl, phenyl(C2-6)alkenyl and phenyl(C1-3)alkyl), alkenyl, cycloalkyl, (C1-6)alkyl, and heterobicycle are all optionally substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents; R2 is selected from (C1-6)alkyl, (C3-7)cycloalkyl,

Abstract: A unique HCV RNA molecule is provided having an enhanced efficiency of establishing cell culture replication. Novel adaptive mutations have been identified within the HCV non-structural region that improves the efficiency of establishing persistently replicating HCV RNA in cell culture. This self-replicating polynucleotide molecule contains, contrary to all previous reports, a 5?-NTR that can be either an A as an alternative to the G already disclosed and therefore provides an alternative to existing systems comprising a self-replicating HCV RNA molecule. The G-->A mutation gives rise to HCV RNA molecules that, in conjunction with mutations in the HCV non-structural region, such as the G(2042)C/R mutations, possess greater efficiency of transduction and/or replication. These RNA molecules when transfected in a cell line are useful for evaluating potential inhibitors of HCV replication.

Abstract: Compounds or enantiomers of formula (I) or a salt thereof: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined herein, are useful for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a mammal.

Abstract: A method for identifying compounds binding to HCV polymerase comprising the steps of: contacting said HCV polymerase or an analog thereof with a probe formula I: wherein A is O, S, N, NR1, or CR1, wherein R1 is defined herein; ----- represents either a single or a double bond; R2 is selected from: H, halogen, R21, OR21, SR21, COOR21, SO2N(R22)2, N(R22)2, CON(R22)2, NR22C(O)R22 or NR22C(O)NR22 wherein R21 and each R22 is defined herein; B is NR3 or CR3, wherein R3 is defined herein; with the proviso that, when A is not N, then one of A or B is either CR1 or CR3, K is N or CR4, wherein R4 is defined herein; L is N or CR5, wherein R5 has the same definition as R4 defined above; M is N or CR7, wherein R7 has the same definition as R4 defined above; R5 is C(Y1)Z wherein Y1 is O or S; and Z is N(R6a)R6 or OR6, wherein R6a is H or alkyl or NR61R62 wherein R61 and R62 are defined herein; and R6 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, Het, alkyl-aryl, alkyl-Het; or R6 is wherein R7 and R8 and Q are as defined her

Abstract: The present invention concerns the development of a cell-based assay system having improved sensitivity to HCV NS3 protease activity when compared to known assays, which is useful for screening test compounds capable of modulating (particularly inhibiting) HCV NS3 protease activity. This system provides a first construct comprising a transactivator domain joined downstream of the NS3–5 domains of HCV under the control of a non-cytopathic viral promoter system. A second construct is also provided that comprises a reporter gene under the control of an operator sensitive to the binding of the transactivator. The NS3–5 domains encodes the NS3 polyprotein which comprises: the NS3 protease, followed by the NS4A co-factor, the NS4B and NS5A proteins (including any derivative, variant or fragment thereof), terminated by the NS5B protein (including any derivative, variant or fragment thereof) sufficient to constitute a NS5A/5B cleavage site.

Abstract: Compounds represented by formula 1: wherein R1 is H, halogen, (C1-4)alkyl, O(C1-4)alkyl, and haloalkyl; R2 is H or methyl; R3 is H or (C1-4)alkyl; R4 is H or (C1-4)alkyl; R5 is (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkyl(C3-7)cyclo-alkyl or (C3-7)cycloalkyl; and W is a fused phenyl-5 or 6-membered heterocycle having one or two heteroatoms selected from N or S; or W is phenyl, 1,1?-biphenyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, or naphthyl; said W being optionally substituted with (C1-4)alkyl, which in turn can be optionally substituted with a carboxy or (C1-4)alkoxycarbonyl, or a salt or ester thereof. The compounds have inhibitory activity against Wild Type, single and double mutant strains of HIV.

Abstract: A method for producing a refolded, inactive form of recombinantly produced NS2/3 protease which comprises the steps of: a) purifying the protease from inclusion bodies in the presence of a chaotropic agent; and b) refolding the purified protease by contacting it with a reducing agent and lauryldiethylamine oxide (LDAO) in the presence of reduced concentration of chaotropic agent or polar additive. The invention further comprises a method for activating this refolded inactive NS2/3 protease by adding an activation detergent. This method produces large amounts of the active NS2/3 protease to allow small molecules and ligands to be screened as potential inhibitors of NS2/3 protease, which may be useful as therapeutic agents against HCV.

Abstract: A method for producing a refolded, inactive form of recombinantly produced NS2/3 protease which comprises the steps of: a) purifying the protease from inclusion bodies in the presence of a chaotropic agent; and b) refolding the purified protease by contacting it with a reducing agent and lauryldiethylamine oxide (LDAO) in the presence of reduced concentration of chaotropic agent or polar additive. The invention further comprises a method for activating this refolded inactive NS2/3 protease by adding an activation detergent. This method produces large amounts of the active NS2/3 protease to allow small molecules and ligands to be screened as potential inhibitors of NS2/3 protease, which may be useful as therapeutic agents against HCV.

Abstract: A crystallizable composition, comprising an human papillomavirus (HPV-11) E2 transactivation domain (TAD)-like polypeptide of SEQ ID NO. 2 complexed with an inhibitor L (sodium (2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5?-methyl-1?,3?-dioxo-4-({[4-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)-1?,3?,4,5-tetrahydro-3H-spiro[furan-2,2?-indene]-3-carboxylate). The invention also provides a method for producing the crystallized HPV E2 TAD-inhibitor complex (HPV E2 TAD-L) comprising: a) mixing purified HPV E2 TAD, contained in a purification buffer, with solublized inhibitor L to generate a complex solution containing the HPV E2 TAD-L complex; and b) crystallizing the complex from a) in a crystallization buffer. The invention also provides a method for producing crystallized apo HPV E2 TAD, comprising: a) mixing apo HPV E2 TAD, contained in a purification buffer, with a crystallization buffer. X-ray crystal structure coordinates the HPV E2 TAD-L complex, are also provided, which define an inhibitor binding pocket.

Abstract: A racemate diastereoisomer and optical isomer of a compound of formula (I): wherein B is H, a C6 or C10 aryl, C7-16 aralkyl; Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, all of which may be optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; C1-6 alkoxy; C1-6 alkanoyl; hydroxy; hydroxyalkyl; halo; haloalkyl; nitro; cyano; cyanoalkyl; amino optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; amido; or (lower alkyl)amide; or B is an acyl derivative of formula R4—C(O)—; a carboxyl derivative of formula R4—O—C(O)—; an amide derivative of formula R4—N(R5)—C(O)—; a thioamide derivative of formula R4—N(R5)—C(S)—; or a sulfonyl of formula R4—SO2; R5 is H or C1-6 alkyl; and Y is H or C1-6 alkyl; R3 is C1-8 alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, or C4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with hydroxy, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 thioalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, C6 or C10 aryl, or C7-16 aralkyl; R2 is C2—R20, NH—R20, O—R20 or S—R20, wherein R20 is a saturated or unsaturated C3-7 cycloalkyl or C4-10 (alkylcycloalkyl), all of which being optionally mono-, di- or tri-

Abstract: Racemates, diastereolsomers and optical isomers of a compound of formula (I): wherein B is H, a C6 or C10 aryl, C7-16 aralkyl; Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, all of which optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; C1-6 alkoxy; C1-6 alkanoyl; hydroxy; hydroxyalkyl; halo; haloalkyl; nitro; cyano; cyanoalkyl; amino optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; amido; or (lower alkyl)amide; or B is an acyl derivative of formula R4—C(O)—; a carboxyl of formula R4—O—C(O)—; an amide of formula R4—N(R5)—C(O)—; a thioamide of formula R4—N(R5)—C(S)—; or a sulfonyl of formula R4—SO2; R5 is H or C1-6 alkyl; and Y is H or C1-6 alkyl; R3 is C1-8 alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, or C4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with hydroxy, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 thioalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, C6 or C10 aryl, or C7-16 aralkyl; R2 is CH2—R20, NH—R20, O—R20 or S—R20, wherein R20 is a saturated or unsaturated C3-7 cycloalkyl or C4-10 (alkylcycloalkyl), all of which being optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted with R21, or R20 is a C6

Abstract: Racemates, diastereoisomers and optical isomers of a compound of formula (I): wherein B is H, a C6 or C10 aryl, C7-16 aralkyl; Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, all of which optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; C1-6 alkoxy; C1-6 alkanoyl; hydroxy; hydroxy-alkyl; halo; haloalkyl; nitro; cyano; cyanoalkyl; amino optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; amido; or (lower alkyl)amide; or B is an acyl derivative of formula R4—C(O)—; a carboxyl of formula R4—O—C(O)—; an amide of formula R4—N(R5)—C(O)—; a thioamide of formula R4—N(R5)—C(S)—; or a sulfonyl of formula R4—SO2; R5 is H or C1-6 alkyl; and Y is H or C1-6 alkyl; R3 is C3-7 cycloalkyl, or C4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with hydroxy, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 thioalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, C6 or C10 aryl, or C7-16 aralkyl; R2 is CH2—R20, NH—R20, O—R20 or S—R20, wherein R20 is a saturated or unsaturated C3-7 cycloalkyl or C4-10 (alkylcycloalkyl), all of which being optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted with R21, or R20 is a C6 or C10 aryl

Abstract: Racemates, diastereoisomers and optical isomers of a compound of formula (I): wherein B is H, a C6 or C10 aryl, C7-16 aralkyl; Het or (lower alkyl)-Het, all of which optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; C1-6 alkoxy; C1-6 alkanoyl; hydroxy; hydroxyalkyl; halo; haloalkyl; nitro; cyano; cyanoalkyl; amino optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; amido; or (lower alkyl)amide; or B is an acyl derivative of formula R4—C(O)—; a carboxyl of formula R4—O—C(O)—; an amide of formula R4—N(R5)—C(O)—; a thioamide of formula R4—N(R5)—C(S)—; or a sulfonyl of formula R4—SO2; R5 is H or C1-6 alkyl; and Y is H or C1-6 alkyl; R3 is C1-8 alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, or C4-10 alkylcycloalkyl, all optionally substituted with hydroxy, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 thioalkyl, amido, (lower alkyl)amido, C6 or C10 aryl, or C7-16 aralkyl; R2 is CH2—R20, NH—R20, O—R20 or S—R20, wherein R20 is a saturated or unsaturated C3-7 cycloalkyl or C4-10 (alkylcycloalkyl), all of which being optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted with R21, or R20 is a C6