Abstract: Two or more sand additive particles are made to adhere to each other, using a binder. The finished product consists of free-flowing particles that are composed of the additive particles bound together by the binder. These bound additive particles may then be applied to sand, such as foundry sands, where, otherwise, multiple additions of additive might need to be made. The pH of the single additive particles can be controlled and separation of the additives due to different specific gravities can be avoided. Various mixtures of different additives are disclosed. Methods of controlling particle size of additive particles, tendency to generate dust, degrade tensile strength or control thermal expansion of foundry cores or molds by using bound additive particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A curable, alkaline, melamine modified phenol-formaldehyde resin is prepared from an initial phenol-formaldehyde resole resin containing from 0.5 to 2.5 percent of free formaldehyde by scavenging formaldehyde with 1 to 12 parts of melamine for each 100 parts of the initial resin wherein the molar ratio of formaldehyde to melamine is 0.2 to 1.5 moles of formaldehyde for each mole of melamine to reduce the free formaldehyde to less than 70% of that in the initial resin and prepare a storage stable resin which contains less than 0.7% of free formaldehyde and which maintains its stability under application conditions. An ammonium salt of strong acid and additional water is incorporated in the melamine modified resin to prepare an alkaline binder. The binder is sprayed on to fiberglass with low formaldehyde emissions, good stability and rapid cure in the acid range.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stabilized phenolic resin melamine dispersion comprising a liquid alkaline resole resin composition and solid melamine crystal dispersed throughout the resin composition. The liquid alkaline resole resin composition comprises the reaction product of combining formaldehyde and phenol at a formaldehyde to phenol mole ratio of about 0.5:1 to about 3.5:1 in the presence of a basic catalyst. The melamine crystal to phenol mole ratio ranges from about 0.01:1 to about 1:1. Moreover, the composition has a free formaldehyde content of at most about 0.5 weight percent. A method for making this dispersion is also disclosed.

Abstract: Proppants comprising a particle coated with a composition comprising bisphenol-aldehyde novolak resin, a bisphenol homopolymer or mixtures including such polymers are disclosed. Foundry sands comprising a particle coated with a composition comprising bisphenol-aldehyde novolak resin, a bisphenol homopolymer or mixtures including such polymers are disclosed. Methods of making and using these proppant particles in subterranean formations or making and using these foundry sands in foundries are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a composition that is the product of mixing and reaction a resole, an alcoholate of an amino triazine, and aldehyde. This composition is useful as a thermosetting resin. This composition is useful as a curative for novolac resins. There is also provided a process for making this composition. In particular there is a process disclosed for making this composition in aqueous solution. Furthermore, curable novolac compositions, and processes for making these compositions, are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A one-part, cured, radiation-curable liquid matrix composition for affixing coated and inked optical fibers in a ribbon configuration which is peelable from the coated and inked fibers without damage to the integrity of itself or the fibers is disclosed. The composition comprises an aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer; a reactive monomer having one or more acrylate or methacrylate moieties; a release agent; and an optional photoinitiator. Also disclosed are an optical fiber ribbon array prepared therefrom; a process for removing such matrix composition from inked and coated fibers; a process for preparing such ribbon array; and a radiation-curable coating composition generally applicable for coating a substrate.

Abstract: Subjecting lignocellulosic components coated with an aqueous alkaline phenolic resole resin solution to carbon dioxide inhibits overpenetration of resin and improves bond strength when the coated components are heated to cure the resin by application of steam and pressure in the preparation of structural panels. Also, contact with carbon dioxide of high moisture resin coated lignocellulosic components accelerates the speed of cure and improves bond strength of panels cured under heat and pressure.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for improving the characteristics of foundry cores which includes adding to the foundry aggregate mixture one or more biphenyl compounds.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for improving the characteristics of foundry cores which includes adding to the foundry aggregate mixture one or more biphenyl compounds.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing pasta production and for ensuring a more uniform and quality pasta product which includes heating the die face of a die by positioning on the die face an electric resistance heater.

Abstract: A binder solution of a phenolic novolak resin in solvent, preferably furfuryl alcohol containing at least one chemical agent such as amines containing one to five, preferably two to four, nitrogen atoms, glycerine or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the binder solution contains about 0.2 to about 1.5 weight percent water. The binder solution is for binding refractory objects, preferably those containing doloma (calcined dolomite) aggregate. Methods of mixing these ingredients and using the mixture are also disclosed. Bricks made from the doloma aggregate mixed with the binder solution show good ambient temperature green strength and enhanced modulus of rupture after curing and coking.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for improving the characteristics of foundry cores which includes adding to the foundry aggregate mixture one or more biphenyl compounds.

Abstract: Coated optical fibers with radiation-curable coatings which include mercaptofunctional oligomers are disclosed. Specifically, the coatings may comprise the cured reaction products of mercapto-terminated urethane oligomers of number average molecular weight as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of at least about 3,000 daltons, particularly in combination with one or more (meth)acrylate-terminated urethane oligomers; monomer diluents; and optional silane adhesion promoter, photoinitiator and stabilizers. The coatings, when cured, exhibit a percent extractables content, as obtained by Soxhlet extraction, of no more than about 15%, and preferably of no more than about 8%, and a volatiles content, as obtained by thermogravimetric analysis, of less than about 7%, and preferably less than about 3%. Processes for preparing such coated optical fibers and the coatings per se are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for improving the characteristics of foundry cores which includes adding to a foundry aggregate mixture polyurethane resin binder comprising epoxy resin and, preferably, paraffinic oil.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a resorcinol-glutaraldehyde reaction product as an accelerator for thermosetting phenolic resin and to a method of making the accelerator. Further, the invention relates to a resin blend comprising phenol-formaldehyde and the accelerator and a process for making cellulosic board, oriented strandboard and plywood wherein the binder for the cellulosic board, oriented strandboard and plywood in its uncured form comprises the resin blend of the invention. In another embodiment the accelerator for thermosetting resin comprises resorcinol and glutaraldehyde.

Abstract: A binder solution of a phenolic novolak resin in solvent, preferably furfuryl alcohol containing at least one chemical agent such as amines containing one to five, preferably two to four, nitrogen atoms, glycerine or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the binder solution contains about 0.2 to about 1.5 weight percent water. The binder solution is for binding refractory objects, preferably those containing doloma (calcined dolomite) aggregate. Methods of mixing these ingredients and using the mixture are also disclosed. Bricks made from the doloma aggregate mixed with the binder solution show good ambient temperature green strength and enhanced modulus of rupture after curing and coking.

Abstract: A two-part adhesive is provided wherein the first part comprises a stable aqueous alkaline monohydroxylic phenolic resole resin solution containing a methylene donor such as oxazolidine or a methylolurea and the second part comprises a stable resorcinolic resin precondensate having a shortage of formaldehyde and optionally containing a catalyst such as an ester functional compound for the resole resin. The resin in each part exhibits viscosity stability of an unmodified resin until mixed with the other part wherein the methylene donor, of the first part catalyzes the resorcinolic resin of the second part and the catalyst, when used, of the second part catalyzes the monohydroxylic phenolic resole resin of the first part. The adhesive finds utility in the production of structural lignocellulosic panels.

Abstract: Proppants comprising a particle coated with a composition comprising bisphenol-aldehyde novolak resin, a bisphenol homopolymer or mixtures including such polymers are disclosed. Foundry sands comprising a particle coated with a composition comprising bisphenol-aldehyde novolak resin, a bisphenol homopolymer or mixtures including such polymers are disclosed. Methods of making and using these proppant particles in subterranean formations or making and using these foundry sands in foundries are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a binder composition for binding substrates such as wood furnish for particleboard manufacture. The binder comprises a mixture of a first aqueous solution, comprising a buffering salt catalyst and preferably an acid, with a second aqueous solution comprising urea and formaldehyde. Methods of using the buffering salts as catalyst for curing urea-formaldehyde resins are also disclosed.

Abstract: Two or more sand additive particles are made to adhere to each other, using a binder. The finished product consists of free-flowing particles that are composed of the additive particles bound together by the binder. These bound additive particles may then be applied to sand, such as foundry sands, where, otherwise, multiple additions of additive might need to be made. The pH of the single additive particles can be controlled and separation of the additives due to different specific gravities can be avoided. Various mixtures of different additives are disclosed. Methods of controlling particle size of additive particles, tendency to generate dust, degrade tensile strength or control thermal expansion of foundry cores or molds by using bound additive particles are also disclosed.