Abstract: A system for parallel thermal management of one or more battery cells may include a tower plate and a nozzle plate. The tower plate may include a plurality of tower protrusions, each having a closed distal end, an open proximal end, and inwardly curved sidewalls extending between the closed distal end and the open proximal end. The nozzle plate may include a plurality of nozzle protrusions, each having an open distal end, an open proximal end, outwardly curved sidewalls extending between the open distal end and open proximal end, and radially extending fins extending at least a portion of the outwardly curved sidewalls.