Abstract: An array of binary elements suitable for alphanumeric or graphic displays are electrostatically actuated. The elements have a flexible member overlying a stator member. The flexible member has a bulge which is transferred along the element by sequential de-energization of a plurality of electrostatic electrode regions. Transfer of the bulge linearly shifts the flexible member with respect to the stator member to alter the state or to change appearance, light transmission, or electrical characteristics of the element.

Abstract: Arrays of electrostatic elements arranged in columns and rows are used for switching purposes and for memory devices. Electrostatically attracted members, for each element, when actuated, complete a capacitance device to render that element capable of retaining a charge. Whether or not the element is a capacitance device is sensed by a high frequency signal. Permanent memories can be made by substitution of a pattern of conductor areas for the attractable members. The attractable members, when attracted, form a capacitance switching device or matrix of switches.

Abstract: A random access memory array of binary elements each having an electrostatically attractable member moveable with respect to a stator member between positional states representative of first and second binary digits. Which positional state an element is in is ascertainable by further movement capability of only those elements which are in the state representative of the second binary digit.

Abstract: An electromechanical display element is provided for use in light reflective and light transmissive display arrays. The display element has a moveable electrode electrostatically controllable between a curled position removed from a stationary electrode, and an uncurled position overlying the stationary electrode to modify the light reflective or transmissive character of the display element. Embodiments of the moveable electrodes are provided which readily can be manufactured for use in either type of array. Stationary electrodes having a plurality of discrete conductive regions are provided to facilitate the control of display elements in an array. Embodiments of dielectric insulators and external circuitry are provided which avoid operating problems and manufacturing complexities associated with residual electric polarization.

Abstract: An electromechanical display element is provided for use in light reflective and light transmissive display arrays. The display element has a moveable electrode electrostatically controllable between a curled position removed from a stationary electrode, and an uncurled position overlying the stationary electrode to modify the light reflective or transmissive character of the display element. Embodiments of the moveable electrodes are provided which readily can be manufactured for use in either type of array. Stationary electrodes having a plurality of discrete conductive regions are provided to facilitate the control of display elements in an array. Embodiments of dielectric insulators and external circuitry are provided which avoid operating problems and manufacturing complexities associated with residual electric polarization.