Abstract: A method of coating porous webs wherein porous materials having a range of pore sizes are given desired characteristics by selective depostion in the large pores of particulate treatment agents. Thus some characteristics are achievable by control variation of pore size distribution (e.g. sample, uniformity, liquid filtration properties) while others depend on specific attributes of the treatment agents (e.g. response to calendaring, catalysis, security marking adhesion properties).

Abstract: A flexible bulk container comprises a side wall structure (1), a base (3) closing a lower open end of the side wall structure and a plurality of lifting loops (5 to 8) at the upper end of the side wall structure. The fabric of the side wall structure is folded to form a multi-layer band (4) extending circumferentially around at least the upper part of the side wall structure. Each lifting loop comprises a bight and two spaced legs, each leg being stitched to the multi-layer band by stitching comprising at least two substantially parallel rows (12, 13) of chain stitching extending circumferentially around the upper part of the side wall structure. The needle yarn used for the stitching is of not less than 4000 denier.

Abstract: A metallized web of barrier packaging material e.g. metallized plastic film, is made transparent to microwaves (without loss of its barrier properties) by passing it through an electrolyte in a bath to anodize the metal and convert it to its oxide and/or hydroxide.

Abstract: A packaging material suitable for packaging moisture and oxygen-sensitive materials comprises a coated and metallized plastic film having low permeability to gases, moisture and light, which includes a polyolefin or regenerated cellulose film that is coated on one or both surfaces with one or more thin but smooth layers of a thermally stable coating, other than polyvinylidene chloride, and metallized over the coated surface or surfaces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aseptically filling containers with product, such as the bags (B) of bag-in-box containers, wherein the aseptic filling chamber (9 or 40) with a filling head or nozzle (5 or 43) therein is provided with fluid inlet and outlet lines (2,4,6,8,19,21,39 or 57,59,63) to create desired positive or negative atmospheric conditions within the chamber, so that a positive pressure can be maintained within the chamber when change over, at an aperture in the chamber, of a bag to be filled occurs, and so that after filling, a negative pressure (through line 15 or 63) can be generated to evacuate the chamber and hence remove any headspace gas from the top of the filled container prior to it being capped.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the continuous preservation of lumpy product in which the lumpy product is blanched, pasteurized or sterilized and then packaged hot or cooled, under aseptic conditions. In order to treat the lumpy product, e.g. chucks of fruit, in the gentlest possible manner, the heat treated product is continuously passed, without using pressure, to a drum (4) having a conveyor (2) therein through which a pasteurized liquid (10) is continuously circulated, the liquid (10) also being fed to the drum separate from the product under aseptic conditions, and having its level inside the drum maintained at a constant pre-selected value with excess liquid (10) being drawn off and re-sterilized for return to the drum (4), and the lumpy product inside the drum being continuously separated from the liquid by movement of the product through the drum by the conveyor (2), which is preferably in the form of a sieve insert with internal spiral rotatable within the drum (4) which is inclined.

Abstract: The device for the air-free filling in particular of flexible bags (1) under counterpressure consists of a filling pipe (5) which, with a sealing cone (9), can be guided into a filling and extraction connecting piece (2) of the bag. A filling valve (13) is provided in the direct proximity of the filling-pipe delivery orifice (4), which filling valve (13) is formed from a conical surface (15) of the filling-pipe inner wall (14) and a conical mating piece (18) which is provided on the end of a valve stem (17) which is guided in the filling pipe in axially movable manner.The product to be filled flows into the filling-pipe inner space (20) through a product feed line, and, via a longitudinal bore (19) made in the valve stem, a vacuum can be applied or a protective gas and also a sterilizing agent can be fed at the area around the delivery orifice (4).

Abstract: A flexible bulk container comprises a side wall structure having an outer wall (10) and an inner wall (11) lying within and closely adjacent to the outer wall. A base closes a lower open end of the side wall structure. A plurality of lifting loops are provided at the upper end of the side wall structure, each lifting loop having a first end that is connected to or integral with the outer wall (10) and a second end that is connected to or integral with the inner wall (11).

Abstract: A machine for forming from a one-piece flat carton blank a carton suitable for packaging biscuits and the like, which carton can be folded between transit and display positions and which is normally shrink-wrapped for transit purposes, which shrink-wrapping can be removed to allow the carton to be folded into its display position for use in supermarkets, the machine including a frame, support means for supporting the blank at a first folding station and folding means at said station for partially forming the blank into a carton and transferring it to a second folding station at which second folding means complete the erection of the carton, the first folding operation causing carton divider panels to be folded into back to back relationship and the second folding operation folding up side, end and glue flaps so that the carton is in a display position ready for filling, whereupon it can subsequently be folded to a transit position ready for shrink-wrapping.