Abstract: Perovskite compounds that catalyze hydrogenolysis (e.g., hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization) of heteroatom-containing compounds, as well as associated systems and methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, methods are provided for contacting a perovskite compound with a heteroatom-containing compound (e.g., a compound comprising oxygen, nitrogen, and/or sulfur) in the presence of hydrogen gas (H2) such that the perovskite compound catalyzes hydrogenolysis of the heteratom-containing compound to produce one or more hydrocarbon products (e.g., one or more aromatic hydrocarbons and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons). According to certain embodiments, the perovskite compound has the formula A1?xBxDO3, where A comprises a lanthanide, B comprises an alkaline earth metal, D comprises a transition metal, and x is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. Compounds, systems, and methods described herein may be useful for applications involving petroleum (e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process comprising the heat treatment of certain V and Sb-containing catalysts at a lower temperature than the previous calcination temperature of the base catalyst to improve catalytic performance; the catalysts resulting from such process; and certain oxidation and ammoxidation reactions in the presence of such a catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process comprising the heat treatment of certain V and Sb-containing catalysts at a lower temperature than the previous calcination temperature of the base catalyst to improve catalytic performance; the catalysts resulting from such process; and certain oxidation and ammoxidation reactions in the presence of such a catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a treated pillared clay made by the process comprising the steps of:(A) contacting at least one clay with an effective amount of at least one ammonium ion source to exchange sodium and/or calcium ions in said clay for ammonium ions to provide an ammonium-containing clay, said clay comprising metal oxides and hydroxides and having a lamellar structure with lamellar layers and interlamellar spaces disposed between the lamellar layers and exchangeable sodium and/or calcium ions occupying said interlamellar spaces;(B) contacting said ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one source of fluorine to replace at least part of the hydroxyl groups in said clay with fluorine to provide a fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay;(C) contacting said fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one pillaring agent to form a fluorine-containing pillared clay; and(D) contacting said fluorine-containing pillared clay with an effective amount of at l

Abstract: This invention relates to a treated pillared clay made by the process comprising the steps of:(A) contacting at least one clay with an effective amount of at least one ammonium ion source to exchange sodium and/or calcium ions in said clay for ammonium ions to provide an ammonium-containing clay, said clay comprising metal oxides and hydroxides and having a lamellar structure with lamellar layers and interlamellar spaces disposed between the lamellar layers and exchangeable sodium and/or calcium ions occupying said interlamellar spaces;(B) contacting said ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one source of fluorine to replace at least part of the hydroxyl groups in said clay with fluorine to provide a fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay;(C) contacting said fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one pillaring agent to form a fluorine-containing pillared clay; and(D) contacting said fluorine-containing pillared clay with an effective amount of at l

Abstract: A method for preparing vapor-liquid-solid silicon carbide whisker reinforced metal matrix composites by a squeeze casting process employing a primary pressure and then a hydrostatic pressure to form the reinforced composites. The process to make the composites comprises: 1) providing VLS silicon carbide whiskers in a mold cavity; 2) introducing a molten metal into the mold cavity; 3) subjecting the molten metal and VLS silicon carbide whiskers in the cavity to a primary pressure of about 100 psi to about 2000 psi to infiltrate the whiskers with the molten metal; 4) subsequently subjecting the VLS silicon carbide whiskers infiltrated with the molten metal to a hydrostatic pressure of about 10,000 psi to about 25,000 psi to produce a fully dense mass; and 5) solidifying the metal matrix to form a composite.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for conducting and imaging vertical flow tests through a sample of porous material on-line in a CT scanner, characterized by a sample of porous material, such as a core sample, having a vertical axis and a transversely extending horizontal axis defining a scan plane to be imaged by the CT scanner. The sample is of uniform transverse width in the scan plane and has top and bottom end surfaces and opposite transverse side surfaces. The invention is further characterized by opposite filler bodies, of a material having an X-ray attenuation characteristic similar to the X-ray attenuation characteristic of the sample, juxtaposed against the side surfaces of the sample, respectively. The filler bodies have inner surface adjacent the sample and outer side surfaces that are round in the scan plane for forming with the sample a round shape for scanning in the scan plane. Also provided are top and bottom end pieces in fluid communication with the top and bottom surfaces, respectively.

Abstract: A quick disconnect coupler comprising a coupler body, a latching mechanism for holding the coupler body to another component, a telescoping sleeve moveable axially on the coupler body to engage and disengage the latching mechanism, and a sleeve operator assembly for moving the telescoping sleeve axially between engaged and disengaged positions. The sleeve operator assembly includes a yoke in the form of a ring collar having opposite ends and opposite side portions straddling the telescoping sleeve. Opposite side portions of the yoke are pivotally connected to respective sides of the telescoping sleeve at diametrically opposite connection points. A handle is provided at one end of the yoke, and a linkage connects the other end of the yoke to the coupler body.

Abstract: A method of determining the invasion of drilling mud filtrate into a core sample from a borehole in a subterranean rock formation, comprising using a drilling mud which forms a filter cake during coring of the borehole thereby to limit invasion of drilling mud solids into the subterranean rock to an extent less than invasion of the base fluid in which the mud solids otherwise are normally suspended, dissolving a dopant in the base fluid of the drilling mud to form a solution having an X-ray attenuation characteristic different from the X-ray attenuation characteristic of the connate fluids in the subterranean formation, obtaining a core sample from the borehole using the doped drilling mud with the dopant remaining in solution in the base fluid under subterranean conditions at the core sample depth, scanning the core sample with a computed tomography scanner to determine the attenuation characteristics at a plurality of points in a cross-section in the core sample, and determining from the attenuation charact

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen cyanide from gaseous acetonitrile comprising reacting the acetonitrile in the presence of an oxygen containing gas while in contact with an oxidation catalyst at an elevated temperature wherein the improvement comprises producing said gaseous acetonitrile from a mixture of crude acetonitrile and polymerization inhibiting agent.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for froth flotation separation of the components of a slurry is provided wherein improved recycling capability is provided by utilization of a partition in the flotation tank in which the froth flotation is performed.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for froth flotation of particulate matter is disclosed wherein ridges or ribs are provided on the froth discharge surface of the apparatus.

Abstract: A process for the froth flotation beneficiation and separation of molybdenite from copper mining by-product is disclosed.