Abstract: A lubricating oil composition suitable for use in low or medium speed diesel engines comprises a fuel oil with a residual oil content characterised in that the lubricating oil composition further comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenate concentrate having a TBN greater than 300, and at least one of a hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylate and a hydrocarbyl-substitute sulphonate. The hydrocarbyl-substituted phenate is preferably one modified by incorporation of a carboxylic acid of the formula RCH(R.sub.1)CO.sub.2 H where R is a C.sub.10 -C.sub.24 alkyl group and R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group e.g. stearic acid.

Abstract: A compound comprised of a moiety derived from an organic nitrogen-containing base and a calixarene moiety in which the hydroxyl substituent (or substituents) is (are) substituted by oligoether chains. Typically, the compounds are complexes of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Y is a divalent bridging group; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group;either (1) R.sup.1 is OR.sup.5 and R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are independently either hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl, or (2) R.sup.1 is either hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl, and either both R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are OR.sup.5 or one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 is OR.sup.5 and the other is --OH, R.sup.5 being --(Z).sub.n R.sup.6 in which Z is at least one alkylene oxide group, R.sup.6 is hydrocarbyl or hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl and n is an integer in the range from 1 to 10; x is an integer in the range from 3 to 12; and X is a moiety derived from an organic nitrogen-containing base.

Abstract: A process for the production of an alkyl salicylic acid in which the alkyl substituent has at least 6 carbon atoms is disclosed, comprising reacting salicylic acid with an olefin having at least 6 carbon atoms at elevated temperature in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Lubricating oil additives comprising a metal salt of such alkylated salicylic acids and a process for making them are also disclosed.

Abstract: Dispersant/VI improvers for lubricating oil compositions are disclosed which comprise the reaction product of (a) a copolymer of octadecene-1 and maleic anhydride, the copolymer having a number average molecular weight from greater than 6300 to less than 12000; and (b) a succinimide prepared from a polyamine and an acyclic hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X and X.sup.1 are the same or different; provided that at least one of X and X.sup.1 is such that the copolymer can function as a carboxylic acylating agent, and optionally (c) a primary or a secondary hydrocarbyl monoamine or a mixture thereof, preferably an amine of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is either a saturated or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl group, and R.sup.2 is either R.sup.1 or hydrogen, and the total number of carbon atoms in the groups R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: An additive concentrate suitable for incorporation into a into a finished lubricating oil composition, the additive concentrate comprising: (a) a lubricating oil; (b) a lubricating oil soluble sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenate modified by incorporation of from greater than 2 to 35% by weight based on the weight of the composition of either (i) at least one carboxylic acid having formula (I), wherein R is C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group and R.sup.1 is either hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group or a --CH.sub.2 --COOH group, or an anhydride, acid chloride or ester thereof or (ii) a di- or polycarboxylic acid containing from 36 to 100 carbon atoms or an anhydride, acid chloride or ester thereof, the composition having a TBN greater than 300.

Abstract: A detergent concentrate composition suitable for incorporation into a finished lubricating oil comprises:(A) an additive concentrate comprising:(a) a lubricating oil, and(b) a lubricating oil soluble sulphurized or non-sulphurized alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenate modified by reaction to incorporate from greater than 2 to less than 40% by weight based on the weight of the concentrate (A) of either (i) at least one carboxylic acid having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group and R.sup.1 is either hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group or a --CH.sub.2 --COOH group, or an anhydride or ester thereof, or (ii) a di- or polycarboxylic acid containing from 36 to 100 carbon atoms or an anhydride or ester thereof, the concentrate having a BN greater than 300 and a viscosity at 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which comprises reacting at elevated temperature(a) a copolymer of an olefin and a monomer having the structure ##STR1## wherein X and X.sup.1 are the same or different provided that at least one of X and X.sup.1 is such that the copolymer can function as a carboxylic acylating agent and(b) a succinimide prepared from an acyclic hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acylating agent and a polyamine wherein the hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acylating agent is prepared by reacting a polyolefin and an acylating agent of formula I under conditions such that at least 75 mole % of the starting polyolefin is converted to the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent. Hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acylating agents derived from high reactivity PIB's are preferred.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition suitable for use in low- or medium-speed diesel engines comprising a fuel oil with a residual oil content characterised in that the lubricating oil composition further comprises a "black paint" reducing amount of the product obtained by the reaction at elevated temperature of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride with either serine or an aminosalicylic acid.

Abstract: An additive concentrate preferably having a TBN greater than 300 suitable for incorporation in a finished lubricating oil composition, the additive concentrate comprising(a) a lubricating oil, and(b) a lubricating oil soluble detergent which is an overbased metal salt obtained by an overbasing process including a carbonation step and modified by reaction to incorporate from greater than 2 to less than 40% by weight based on the weight of the concentrate of either (i) at least one carboxylic acid having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group and R.sup.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group or a --CH.sub.2 --COOH group, or an anhydride or an ester derivative thereof, or (ii) a di- or polycarboxylic acid containing from 36 to 100 carbon atoms or an anhydride or an ester thereof, and further modified to incorporate by addition prior to carbonation a hindered phenol or naphthol having antioxidant activity.

Abstract: An overbased metal salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulphurised or non-sulphurised phenol, a calixarene having a substituent hydroxyl group or groups available for reaction with metal base or a linear phenol/formaldehyde resin wherein the metal moiety comprises a first metallic component which is at least one alkaline earth metal and a second metallic component which is at least one of either (i) at least one alkali metal or (ii) at least one metal selected from Groups IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa and VIII of either the first or the second transition series of the Periodic Table of the Elements, the weight ratio of the first metal component to the second metal component being in the range from 1000:1 to 2:1.

Abstract: A lubricating oil soluble compound suitable for use as a dispersant additive is obtainable by reacting at elevated temperature a polyepoxide with a dispersant having at least one reactive nitrogen-containing moiety. Intermediates of the general formula IV ##STR1## where Y' is a group derived from the reaction of the polyepoxide with reactive nitrogen-containing moieties (i.e. primary or secondary amines) are novel.The process for preparing the lubricating oil soluble compounds comprises at least 2 sequential steps.Lubricating oil compositions comprises a major proportion of lubricating oil and a minor proportion of the lubricating oil soluble compounds.

Abstract: An additive concentrate having a TBN greater than 300 suitable for incorporation into a finished lubricating oil comprises: (I) a lubricating oil soluble overbased alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl salicylate modified by reaction to incorporate (a) an aldehyde, and (b) from 2 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the concentrate, of either (i) at least one carboxylic acid having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 is a C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group and R.sup.4 is either hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group or a CH.sub.2 COOH group, or an anhydride or ester thereof, or (ii) a di- or poly-carboxylic acid containing from 36 to 100 carbon atoms or an acid anhydride, acid chloride or ester thereof, and (II) a lubricating oil.

Abstract: A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate having a TBN greater than 300 comprises reacting at elevated temperaturecomponent (A) a defined salicylic acid derivative,component (B) an alkaline earth metal base added either in a single addition or in a plurality of additions at internediate points during the reaction,component (C) at least one compound which is (i) water, (ii) a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, (iii) a di- (C.sub.3 or C.sub.4) glycol, (iv) a tri- (C.sub.2 -C.sub.4) glycol, (iv) a mono- or poly-alkylene glycol alkyl ether of the formula (I)R(OR.sup.1).sub.x OR.sup.2 (I)wherein R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sup.1 is an alkylene group R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group and x is an integer from 1 to 6, (vi) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 monohydric alcohol, (vii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ketone, (viii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid ester, or (ix) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate having a TBN greater than 300 which process comprises reactingcomponent (A) a defined derivative of phenolcomponent (B) an alkaline earth metal base added either in a single addition of in a plurality of additions at intermediate points during the reaction,component (C) at least one compound which is (i) water, (ii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 monohydric alcohol, (iii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ketone, (iv) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid ester or (v) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: A lubricating oil soluble compound suitable for use as a dispersant additive is obtainable by reacting at elevated temperature an epoxyacrylate with a dispersant having at least one reactive nitrogen-containing moiety.Intermediates of the general formula IV ##STR1## where Y' is a group derived from the reaction of the epoxyacrylate with reactive nitrogen-containing moieties (ie primary or secondary amines) are novel.The process for preparing the lubricating oil soluble compounds can be a one step or multistep process.Lubricating oil compositions comprise a major proportion of lubricating oil and a minor proportion of the lubricating oil soluble compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate which process comprises reacting at elevated temperaturecomponent (A) a defined acid or derivative thereof,component (B) a calcium base added either in a single addition or in a plurality of additions at intermediate points during the reaction,component (C) at least one compound which is (i) water, (ii) a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, (iii) a di- (C.sub.3 or C.sub.4) glycol, (iv) a tri (C.sub.2 -C.sub.4) glycol, (v) a mono- or poly-alkylene glycol alkyl ether of the formula (I)R(OR.sup.1).sub.x OR.sup.2 (I)wherein R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sup.1 is an alkylene group, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group and x is an integer from 1 to 6, (vi) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 monohydric alcohol, (vii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ketone, (viii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid ester, or (ix) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate having a TBN greater than 300 which process comprises reacting at elevated temperaturecomponent (A) a defined mixture selected from defined sulphurized or non-sulphurized acids or calcium salts thereof,component (B) an alkaline earth metal base added either in a single addition or in a plurality of additions at intermediate points during the reaction,component (C) at least one compound which is (i) water, (ii) a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, (iii) a di- (C.sub.3 or C.sub.4) glycol, (iv) a tri-(C.sub.2 -C.sub.4) glycol, (v) a mono- or poly-alkylene glycol alkyl ether of the formula (I)R(OR.sup.1).sub.x OR.sup.2 (I)wherein R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sup.1 is an alkylene group, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group and x is an integer from 1 to 6, (vi) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 monohydric alcohol, (vii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ketone, (viii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid ester, or (ix) a C.

Abstract: A lubricating oil soluble compound suitable for use as a dispersant additive is obtainable by reacting at elevated temperature a polyacrylate with a dispersant having at least one reactive nitrogen--containing moiety.Intermediates of the general formula IV ##STR1## where Y.sup.1 is a group derived from the reaction of the polyacrylate with the reactive nitrogen-containing moieties (i.e. primary or secondary amine) are novel.The process for preparing the lubricating oil soluble compounds can be a one step or multistep process.Lubricating oil compositions comprise a major proportion of lubricating oil and a minor proportion of the lubricating oil soluble compounds.

Abstract: An additive concentrate composition having a TBN greater than 300 suitable for incorporation into a finished lubricating oil composition comprising:(I') a first alkaline earth metal sulphurised hydrocarbyl phenate, and(II') a lubricating oil,the first alkaline earth metal sulphurised hydrocarbyl phenate (I') being obtained by overbasing a second alkaline earth metal sulphurised hydrocarbyl phenate containing at least 4% by weight sulphur, or its precursors, in the presence of the lubricating oil (II'), the amount of the lubricating oil (II') being such that the ratio of the weight of the additive concentrate to the weight of the second alkaline earth metal sulphurised hydrocarbyl phenate, or its precursors, is at least 3.0.

Abstract: A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate comprises reacting at elevated temperaturecomponent (A) a calcium hydrocarbyl-substituted sulphonate,component (B) an alkaline earth metal base added either in a single addition or in a plurality of additions at intermediate points during the reaction,component (C) at least one compound which is (i) a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, (ii) a di- (C.sub.3 or C.sub.4) glycol, (iii) a tri- (C.sub.2 -C.sub.4) glycol, (iv) a mono- or poly-alkylene glycol alkyl ether of the formula (I)R(OR.sup.1).sub.x OR.sup.2 (I)wherein R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sup.1 is an alkylene group, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group and x is an integer from 1 to 6, (v) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 monohydric alcohol, (vi) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ketone, (vii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid ester, or (viii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.