Abstract: An integrated process for the generation of saturated C3 and higher hydrocarbons from carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen, includes the steps of: (a) feeding a gas feed stream including carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen to a two-stage reaction system comprising a first stage including a carbon oxide(s) conversion catalyst, where the feed stream is converted in the first stage to form an intermediate product stream, (b) feeding the intermediate product stream to a second stage including a dehydration/hydrogenation catalyst and (c) removing a product stream from the second stage, the product stream including saturated C3 and higher hydrocarbons. The two-stage reaction system could exhibit a high activity and selectivity to C3 and higher hydrocarbons, and the two stage reactions may be operated in different reaction conditions.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is provided for use in the conversion of carbon oxide(s) to saturated hydrocarbons. The catalyst composition comprises a carbon oxide(s) conversion catalyst; and a dehydration/hydrogenation catalyst comprising a silicoalumino phosphate (SAPO) molecular sieve and a metal M, for example Pd. In one embodiment, the target saturated hydrocarbons include LPG, the SAPO comprises SAPO-5 and/or SAPO-37.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of alcohol(s) from alkyl ester(s) by bringing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and at least one alkyl ester into contact with a hydrogenation catalyst including copper and manganese in a reaction zone to produce at least one alcohol. The molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the reaction zone is in the range of from 100:1 to 1:10.

Abstract: Process for removing water from an ethylene stream containing water, by introducing an ethylene stream containing water into, and circulating the ethylene stream through, a separation vessel. A liquid diethyl ether stream is introduced into, and circulated through, the separation vessel so that the liquid diethyl ether stream and the ethylene stream containing water are brought into contact, and an ethylene stream having a reduced water content is recovered from the separation vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of ethanol from a carbonaceous feedstock; wherein the carbonaceous feedstock is first converted to synthesis gas which is then converted to ethanoic acid, which is then esterified and which is then hydrogenated to produce ethanol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing methanol and ethanol, wherein the methanol is produced from synthesis gas and the ethanol is produced via the hydrogenation of an ethanoic acid feed; characterized in that the hydrogenation of the ethanoic acid feed is carried out within the same alcohol synthesis unit and in the presence of the same catalyst(s) that is used to produce the methanol from the synthesis gas and wherein the feed introduced to the alcohol synthesis unit comprises synthesis gas and ethanoic acid.

Abstract: Process for producing glycolic acid by contacting carbon monoxide and formaldehyde, optionally in the presence of a solvent, with a catalyst including a solid acid. The solid acid is an acidic polyoxometalate compound insoluble in formaldehyde, glycolic acid and the optional solvent, and has a concentration of acid sites of greater than 60 ?mol g?1 on the external surface and/or a Hammett Acidity value of less than ?12.8.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of ethanoic acid into ethanol by (a) introducing ethanoic acid and H2 into a primary hydrogenation unit in the presence of a precious metal-based catalyst to produce ethanol and ethyl ethanoate and (b) introducing ethyl ethanoate, from step (a), together with H2 into a secondary hydrogenation unit in the presence of a copper-based catalyst to produce ethanol. Ethanol from step (b) is recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of ethanol from a carbonaceous feedstock; wherein the carbonaceous feedstock is first converted to synthesis gas which is then converted to ethanoic acid, which is then esterified and which is then hydrogenated to produce ethanol.

Abstract: Process for homologation of alcohol(s), by 1 introducing alcohol(s) into an etherification unit to produce alkyl ether(s), 2, introducing at least a part of the alkyl ether(s) from step 1, together with CO and optionally H2, into a carbonylation unit, in the presence of an acidic homogeneous or heterogeneous carbonylation catalyst, to produce alkyl ester(s), and 3, introducing at least a part of the alkyl ester(s) from step 2, together with H2, into a hydrogenation unit, to produce homologated alcohol(s). Optionally, at least a part of the homologated alcohol(s) from step 3 is recycled into the etherification unit of step 1. Alcohol(s) from the hydrogenation unit of step 3 are recovered.

Abstract: Process for the production of glycolic acid by contacting carbon monoxide and formaldehyde with a catalyst containing an acidic polyoxometalate compound encapsulated within the pores of a zeolite. The zeolite has cages larger than the acidic polyoxometalate compound, and has pores with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the acidic polyoxometalate compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene, from a feedstock comprising ethanol, in the presence of a phosphotungstic acid catalyst.

Abstract: Process for preparing a two layer metal palladium or palladium alloy composite membrane consisting of a porous substrate support and a palladium or palladium alloy membrane by rinsing/washing and drying the porous substrate support, treating the porous substrate support with a pore filler in order to decorate the pores of the support and the disfigurements of the substrate surface, sensitizing and activating with a palladium solution the decorated substrate support, and plating the resulting support with a palladium solution to form the two layer composite membrane, drying. The resulting composite membrane is subjected to a post-processing where the pore fillers residing in the pore-channels of the porous substrate are partly removed or reduced in volume through heating.

Abstract: Process for converting synthesis gas to ethanol, including the steps of 1) introducing synthesis gas, together with methyl ethanoate and/or ethyl ethanoate, into an alcohol synthesis unit to produce methanol and ethanol, 2) separating the methanol from the ethanol of step 1, 3) introducing methanol, from step 2, together with CO, into a carbonylation unit in the presence of a methanol carbonylation catalyst, to produce ethanoic acid, and 4) introducing ethanoic acid, from step 3, together with methanol and/or ethanol, into an esterification unit to produce methyl ethanoate and/or ethyl ethanoate. In step 5), methyl ethanoate and/or ethyl ethanoate, produced in step 4, are fed into the alcohol synthesis unit of step 1, and in step 6) ethanol from step 2 is recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of ethanol from a carbonaceous feedstock; wherein the carbonaceous feedstock is first converted to synthesis gas which is then converted to ethanoic acid, which is then esterified and which is then hydrogenated to produce ethanol.

Abstract: A catalyst and process is described for the conversion of hydrogen and one or more oxides of carbon in which the catalyst comprises an elemental carbon-containing support. Also described is a process for reducing agglomeration in carbon nanotubes, in which carbon nanotubes are suspended in a liquid and simultaneously treated by ultrasound and agitation. The method can be used to prepare carbon nanotube-supported catalysts that show high activity towards the conversion of feedstocks comprising hydrogen and one or more oxides of carbon.

Abstract: A composition comprising an electron-conducting component and an oxide ion-conducting component, characterised in that the electron-conducting component is also an oxide ion-conductor, the composition being suitable for use in a selective oxygen permeable membrane for separating oxygen from a gaseous mixture comprising oxygen, such as air, the separation optionally being carried out in a reactor comprising a first and second zone, in which an oxygen-containing gas is fed to the first zone, and a reactant fed to the second zone, in which an oxygen consuming reaction occurs in the second zone of the reactor.

Abstract: A method of lubricating a two-stroke, diesel crosshead engine comprises lubricating the engine with a cylinder oil and with a system oil, which oils are different from each other, in which the system oil is an SAE 20 or SAE 30 oil, has a total base number of at least 10 mg KOH/g and comprises: (a) a base oil; (b) at least one detergent additive in a total amount of detergent corresponding in performance, as measured by the Hot Filtration Test, to at least 1.5% by weight of the system oil, of a calcium alkyl salicylate detergent soap in which the alkyl group is a C12 to C30 alkyl group; and (c) at least one anti-wear additive. The method further comprising replenishing the system oil in the engine with a top-up system oil, in which the top-up system oil has the same additives as in the system oil previously charged to the engine but has a viscosity which is lower than that of the system oil previously charged to the engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel integrated process for the co-production of methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas containing nitrogen, which is based on a two-stage reaction. In the first stage, most of the syngas is converted into methanol by using one reactor or two tandem reactors or multistage series reactors. In the second stage, the small amount of remaining syngas is further diluted by N2 and is converted to DME in the following reactor. Thus, the catalyst sintering is avoided due to the alleviated heat transfer limitations. An overall CO single pass conversion as high as ˜90% is obtained, which is maintained during 2000 h's of continuous operation. This invention provides a novel, economic and easy to operate process to convert syngas to methanol/DME in single pass.

Abstract: A catalyst is invented for the synthesis of C2-oxygenates by the hydrogenation of CO. The catalyst is composed of Rh—Mn—Fe-M1-M2/SiO2, among them Mn, Fe, M1 and M2 and additives. M1 can be Li or Na while M2 can be Ru or Ir. The content of Rh is 0.1-3% by weight; the weight ratio of Mn/Rh is 0.5-12, the weight ratio of Fe/Rh is 0.01-0.5, the weight ratio of M1/Rh is 0.01-1 and the weight ratio of M2/Rh is 0.1-1.0. The catalyst is prepared by impregnation of the solution of corresponding compounds of each component in desired amount onto the carrier of SiO2, which is followed by drying at 283-473 K. Before using, the catalyst is reduced by hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gas at 573-673 K for at least one hour after drying or after calcinations at 473-673 K for 2-20 h. These catalysts can convert CO and H2 into ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and other C2-oxygenates at a high conversion and a high selectivity under mild conditions.