Abstract: A disc brake is proposed which is of low cost, improved reliability and less weight and size. Cylinders are formed in a caliper therethrough so as to be machined from the bottom of the cylinder, and a cylinder cover is mounted to close the cylinder. A cylinder cover is inserted into a large-diameter hole at the rear of the cylinder. The cylinder cover, which is supported by an end face of the large-diameter hole, is fixed by caulking the portion at the rear of the cylinder to sandwich it between an engaging piece produced by plastic deformation and the end face of the large-diameter hole.

Abstract: A vehicle attitude control apparatus, wherein a corrected behavior index value for steering is determined in such a manner that the deviation between a target behavior index value for a vehicle and a corrected behavior index value for steering decreases, as an instability index value correlating to the amount of under-steer increases, and when the target behavior index value and the behavior index value are equal, the corrected behavior index value for steering is set to equal the behavior index value. A corrected behavior index value for braking is determined in such a manner that the deviation between the target behavior index value and a corrected behavior index value for braking increases, as the instability index value increases, and when the target behavior index value and the behavior index value are equal, the corrected behavior index value for braking is set to equal the behavior index value.

Abstract: Automotive hydraulic pressure brake system with a stroke simulator is proposed which while the electric control system is functioning properly, the supply of hydraulic pressure from a master cylinder is cut off and hydraulic pressure is generated by a power pump. This improves response upon rapid pressure increase while minimizing the increase of pedal stroke and the worsening of the pedal feeling. A bypass is provided to communicate the master cylinder to the wheel cylinders while bypassing an on-off valve to be closed during ordinary braking. A shut-off valve is provided in the bypass and a check valve or a relief valve for allowing only a fluid flow from the master cylinder toward the wheel brake cylinders is provided.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control device is provided in which a proportional pressure control valve is actuated by operating the brake pedal to adjust the hydraulic pressure supplied from a pressure source to the wheel brakes to a value corresponding to the pedal operating amount. Also, a brake device for a vehicle using it is provided. The proportional pressure control valve is integrated with a hydraulic pressure generator to transmit the input from the brake pedal to a spool valve in the control valve through a first piston, first spring, second piston and second spring of the hydraulic pressure generator. If the pressure source or the wheel brakes in a first line fail, after the second piston has made a full stroke, brake fluid in a fluid chamber is pressurized, so that the hydraulic pressure generated is supplied to wheel brakes in a second line through a copy valve which is open.

Abstract: In a steering device for a vehicle, the movement of a steering actuator driven by operation of an operating member is transmitted to vehicle wheels, in such a manner that the steering angle changes, without the operating member being coupled mechanically to the vehicle wheels. A first target yaw rate is calculated in accordance with the detected vehicle speed and a first steering angle set value, which corresponds to the detected amount of operation and vehicle speed. A second target yaw rate corresponding to the detected lateral acceleration and vehicle speed is calculated. A second steering angle set value, which corresponds to the difference between the detected yaw rate and a target yaw rate, as which the first target yaw rate or the second target yaw rate whichever has the smaller absolute value is taken, is calculated.

Abstract: A control method of a hydraulic pressure source-driving type vehicle hydraulic brake system is provided in which water hammering or worsening of the brake feeling does not occur when brake liquid is replenished through a replenish passage. A motor for driving a pump is actuated at a full driving force with an on-off valve in the brake liquid replenish passage opened in the stage in which the hydraulic pressure difference between the master cylinder pressure and the brake hydraulic pressure is small. Also, in the stage in which the brake hydraulic pressure is increased, so that the hydraulic pressure difference from the master cylinder hydraulic pressure has entered a predetermined range, a solenoid valve in the replenish passage is closed to return to the normal control in which the driving force of the motor is controlled so as to correspond to the hydraulic pressure difference.

Abstract: Rusting on a friction material bonding surface of a backing plate of a disk brake pad is prevented to suppress lowering of the adhesion strength resulting from rust on the friction material. Edges of hole or uneven portion provided on the backing plate are removed by providing chamfers of R 0.3 mm or over. Thereafter, a rust-preventive film of a thermosetting resin and subjected to hardening treatment is provided on the surface of the backing plate to eliminate film-cut defects at the edges due to surface tension. The friction material is bonded to the rust-preventive film.

Abstract: A method of controlling a pump-driven type vehicle hydraulic brake system which can suppress pulsation of brake hydraulic pressure and makes it possible to accurately and quickly apply brake hydraulic pressure is provided. Using an equation between the pressure rising speed of the hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder and the approximate required driving force of the motor, the driving force of the motor is set from the pressure rising speed of the detected hydraulic pressure. The driving force of the motor is controlled to minimize the hydraulic pressure difference between the brake hydraulic pressure increased by the preset driving force and the hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder, thereby bringing the brake hydraulic pressure substantially close to the hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder.

Abstract: Improving operating feelings and energy saving are aimed for a brake system of the type in which a predetermined differential pressure is produced between a master cylinder and wheel cylinders by a hydraulic pressure limit/changeover means during regenerative braking, and at the end of regenerative braking, the differential pressure is cancelled by increasing the pressure in the wheel cylinders with fluid sucked up from a reservoir for pressure increase by an electric pump. A reservoir for pressure increase, which is also used as a stroke simulator, is provided on the master cylinder side of the hydraulic pressure limit/changeover means, an on-off valve and a check valve are provided parallel to each other on the inlet side of the reservoir for pressure increase, so that the split point hydraulic pressure and the pressure-reducing ratio of a proportional pressure-reducing valve for supplying brake fluid toward the wheel cylinders during the initial period of braking can be brought unlimitedly close to zero.

Abstract: A control method of a hydraulic pressure source-driven type vehicle hydraulic pressure brake system in which no irritating noises or vibrations are produced during stoppage of the vehicle and which does not consume electric power in waste. When the vehicle stops and the surroundings become quiet, by detecting stoppage of the vehicle by a sensor for detecting the rotation of a wheel, stopping a motor for a pump for producing brake hydraulic pressure, and opening a solenoid valve in a master cylinder passage bringing the master cylinder and the wheel cylinder into communication with each other, it is possible to prevent noises or vibrations from the motor and wasteful consumption of electric power.

Abstract: A brake fluid pressure control device including a power pump provided in a fluid supply line for discharging fluid into the main fluid line. An on-off valve is provided in the main fluid line upstream of the point at which the outlet circuit of the pump merges with the main fluid line. A fluid reservoir is provided in the fluid supply line upstream of the pump. For automatic braking, a changeover valve is changed over to supply fluid in the first chamber into the inlet port of the pump. When the automatic braking is off, the inlet and outlet ports of the pump are connected to the second and first chambers of the reservoir, respectively, to supply fluid into the first chamber.

Abstract: A control method of a hydraulic pressure source-driving type vehicle hydraulic brake system is provided in which water hammering or worsening of the brake feeling does not occur when brake liquid is replenished through a replenish passage. A motor for driving a pump is actuated at a full driving force with an on-off valve in the brake liquid replenish passage opened in the stage in which the hydraulic pressure difference between the master cylinder pressure and the brake hydraulic pressure is small. Also, in the stage in which the brake hydraulic pressure is increased, so that the hydraulic pressure difference from the master cylinder hydraulic pressure has entered a predetermined range, a solenoid valve in the replenish passage is closed to return to the normal control in which the driving force of the motor is controlled so as to correspond to the hydraulic pressure difference.

Abstract: In a steering device for a vehicle, the movement of a steering actuator driven by operation of an operating member is transmitted to vehicle wheels, in such a manner that the steering angle changes, without the operating member being coupled mechanically to the vehicle wheels. A first target yaw rate is calculated in accordance with the detected vehicle speed and a first steering angle set value, which corresponds to the detected amount of operation and vehicle speed. A second target yaw rate corresponding to the detected lateral acceleration and vehicle speed is calculated. A second steering angle set value, which corresponds to the difference between the detected yaw rate and a target yaw rate, as which the first target yaw rate or the second target yaw rate whichever has the smaller absolute value is taken, is calculated.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hydraulic pressure source-drive type vehicle hydraulic brake system which would not make the driver feel a delay in the effect of braking, and in which the braking force acts quickly and reliably even during urgent braking. A stroke sensor for detecting the pedal depressed amount in the initial play area is provided. By activating a motor for a pump for supplying brake fluid to a wheel cylinder beforehand when the stroke sensor detects that the pedal depressed amount has reached a predetermined threshold, the time needed to depress the brake pedal to the terminal position of the initial play area and the delay time in response of the actuation of the motor are overlapped to shorten the time from the start of depressing of the brake pedal to the actuation of the brake.

Abstract: A coordinated regenerative brake system controls total brake torque to brake a vehicle in accordance with brake pedal operation and achieve deceleration intended by the driver's operation of the brakes when the accelerator is not depressed. In a vehicle speed range below specific speed V1, engine brake equivalent torque Ta is set to decrease gradually to zero in accordance with vehicle speed V. When brake operation starts at a vehicle speed exceeding V1, the desired total brake torque Tq working on the vehicle is the sum of brake torque Tb corresponding to brake operation, and engine brake equivalent torque Ta, until vehicle speed reaches specific speed V1. When vehicle speed is V1 or less, brake torque is controlled using as desired total brake torque Tq the sum of brake torque Tb corresponding to brake operation, and first engine brake equivalent torque Ta1, if brake operation amount Sb is greater than or equal to a first brake operation amount Sb1.

Abstract: A controlling member (a controlling pin 10) is inserted through an insertion hole 7 of a mold 1 and projected into a cavity 6. After a pipe P as an insert member is arranged at a predetermined position in the cavity 6, the pipe P is held in the cavity 6 by inserting a tip of the controlling pin 10 into a hole h of the pipe P at the end p1, or by inserting the end p1 of the pipe P into a cave 21 of the controlling member. A molten aluminum alloy is then poured through a gate 5 into the cavity 6 under such the condition, to enclose the pipe P with the aluminum alloy. Dislocation of the pipe P caused by kinetic and thermal energies of the poured aluminum alloy is suppressed by the controlling pin 10 or block 20 at the end p1. Since the enclosed pipe P has its end p1 opened at a predetermined position, a cast product obtained in this way can be used as a brake caliper or the like having an inner hydraulic circuit.

Abstract: A hydraulic by-pass control system is provided in the hydraulically operated lift assembly of a loader which uses double-acting hydraulic cylinders. The by-pass control system provides a low-resistance alternative pathway between the lowering circuit of the lift assembly and the hydraulic fluid tank. Accurate weighing measurement of the load on the lifting arms of the loader may be achieved by temporarily opening the alternative low-resistance pathway, thereby effectively converting the hydraulic circuit to a single-acting configuration during the taking of load cell signal measurements of back-pressure in the lift circuit.

Abstract: A device for removing rivets connecting a brake lining to a brake shoe is provided. The brake shoe is supported and clamped adjacent the rivets. A rivet punch advances through the lining and shoe to expel the rivets. A brake shoe support enables the shoe to be moved relative to the rivet punch in interactive successive steps to remove all rows of rivets attaching the brake lining and brake shoe. Since rivet patterns vary, advantageously the device includes indexing means to align a row of punches with a row of rivets. Additionally, gag means are provided to disable selected punches within the row of punches to match the rivet pattern.

Abstract: A monitoring system for a fork lift truck or other load handling vehicle comprises a plurality of transducers each assigned to detect a particular condition of vehicle usage; means for deriving from the transducers a plurality of binary signals each representative of the condition detected by a respective one of said transducers; and binary processing means including means for selectively gating the binary signals thereby to produce a plurality of sets of data each corresponding to a mode of vehicle usage represented by a respective combination of said signals. The sets of data are accumulated thereby to derive a count representative of the duration of each said mode of vehicle usage. The data read-out may be transmitted to a remove receive over an optical link.

Abstract: In a vehicle such as a tractor or a trailer having fluid-operated spring brakes to which fluid is supplied under pressure for releasing the brakes from a locked condition, security means are provided to prevent unauthorized release of the brakes. The security means comprises a bistable solenoid valve for controlling the supply of fluid to the brakes, energizing circuit means for operating the valve, and limited access switching means operable to set the solenoid valve selectively in an open or a closed condition.