Abstract: Described are aspects and embodiments directed to systems for tapping into the breathing system to generate pressure in a sustained space with pulsating frequency to aid the pumping functions of cardiac muscle. In some embodiments, the generated energy can also be transferred to other forms of energy (e.g., electricity to power certain devices (e.g., pacemaker batteries). In further embodiments, the system utilizes air entrapment in a closed space to generate mechanical force with valves and timed release frequency to control power generation and mechanical movements that assist blood flow.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for switching fluid flow through a body part, such as all or portions of an organ or extremity. In general, fluid inflow and fluid outflow vessels to at least a portion of a body part can be switched such that all fluid in at least a portion of the inflow and outflow vessels flows in an opposite direction. In other words, the fluid inflow vessel (or at least a portion thereof) becomes the fluid outflow vessel that receives fluid from a body part, and the fluid outflow vessel (or at least a portion thereof) becomes the fluid inflow vessel that delivers fluid to a body part.