Abstract: A continuous process for recovering oil from raw oil shale using a new integrated hydropyrolysis/thermal pyrolysis technique and involving the addition of pulverized coal which produces oil which is more characteristic of typical crude oil, as well as providing supplemental gas and coal char fuel, and has unusually low heat and energy requirements, which process comprises passing hot and crushed raw shale to a slurry mixer where it is mixed with hot recycle heavy oil, treating the resulting slurry with hydrogen under elevated temperature and pressure for a short period, discharging the resulting mixture to a product stripper wherein the product hydrocarbons and a portion of the recycle slurry oil is vaporized and passed to a separation column where the desired fractions are removed and heavy gas oil recovered for recycle, mixing a portion of the heavy gas oil recycle with pulverized coal particles to form a pumpable coal slurry, discharging spent shale and remaining slurry oil from the product stripper to a t

Abstract: A continuous process for recovering shale oil from raw oil shale using a new integrated hydropyrolysis/thermal pyrolysis technique which produces high yields of improved quality liquid hydrocarbon products and has unusually low heat and energy requirements, which process comprises crushing and grinding raw oil shale, mixing the ore particles with hot recycle heavy oil to form a slurry, treating the slurry with hydrogen under elevated temperature and pressure for a short period, stripping out the desired liquid hydrocarbon products, passing the remaining slurry mixture to a thermal retort where under fluidized bed conditions it is subjected to increased temperatures by adding spent shale that has been burned in an air lift combustor at two different temperature level treatment zones, the upper zone being selected such that the temperature is sufficient to vaporize the remaining slurry oil, and the lower zone being selected such that the temperature is sufficient to retort spent shale and to thermally crack exc