Abstract: Methods for co-firing a fuel containing coal or oil that is injected into a burner in a furnace by injecting a gaseous fuel are disclosed. The gaseous fuel is injected in a manner so as not to consume air that would otherwise combine with the coal or oil in the primary flame. This can be accomplished by injecting the gaseous fuel at a higher or lower velocity than the coal or oil and combustion air are being injected. This can also be accomplished by directing the gaseous fuel being injected away from the primary flame created when the coal or oil burns.

Abstract: In a method of determining amounts of condensable species present in a gas containing condensable species a probe is placed into a gas containing condensable species. The probe has a plurality of spaced apart contacts on an outer non-conductive surface. That surface is heated at a selected heating rate and then cooled at a selected cooling rate over a selected time period. During that time period current flow between the contacts and the temperature of the non-conductive surface is monitored over the selected time period. Peaks in a plot of the current flow over the selected time period and the temperature for the time corresponding to each peak are then correlated to the condensable species has a kinetic dew point at each identified temperature. The identified temperature for each identified species is compared to a predetermined correlation of dew point temperature and concentration for that species to determine the concentration of that condensable species present in the gas.

Abstract: A method of cleaning air preheaters of the type having a rotor which passes through a stream of flue gas and a stream of intake combustion air is disclosed. A soot blower is operated in step-wise fashion to blow a soot blowing medium through passageways in the rotor. The passageways are arranged in concentric rings and move at a tangential velocity which depends on the speed of the rotor and the location of the passageway relative to the center of the rotor. In the present method the speed of the rotor is adjusted in accordance with the position of the soot blower so that every passageway moves over the soot blower at the same or substantially the same tangential velocity.

Abstract: In a method of determining amounts of condensable species present in a gas containing condensable species a probe is placed into a gas containing condensable species. The probe has a plurality of spaced apart contacts on an outer non-conductive surface. That surface is heated at a selected heating rate and then cooled at a selected cooling rate over a selected time period. During that time period current flow between the contacts and the temperature of the non-conductive surface is monitored over the selected time period. Peaks in a plot of the current flow over the selected time period and the temperature for the time corresponding to each peak are then correlated to the condensable species has a kinetic dew point at each identified temperature. The identified temperature for each identified species is compared to a predetermined correlation of dew point temperature and concentration for that species to determine the concentration of that condensable species present in the gas.

Abstract: Ammonia and optionally carbon monoxide are injected into the flue gas containing metals such as mercury in a manner so that there are sufficient amounts of these materials in the flue gas when the flue gas is at a temperature of from 900° F. to 1,450° F. to oxidize the metals within the flue gas. The oxidized metals are then attracted to particulates present in the flue gas. Oxidation is facilitated by a reaction zone stabilizer through which the flue gas flows. The stabilizer provides a stable continuous ignition front. These particulates bound with oxidized metals are removed from the flue gas by a particulate removal device such as an electrostatic precipitator or baghouse. After the ammonia is injected, the flue gas can be rapidly cooled to a temperature below 500° F. to minimize decomposition of oxidized metals in the flue gas.

Abstract: In a method for removing NOx from the flue gas using a coal water slurry, other carbon containing fuel and water, or unburned carbon existing in the furnace itself due to continuing combustion, the ratio of carbon to water is adjusted so that a portion of the carbon forms activated carbon after injection of the fuel slurry into the flue gas. The activated carbon is then available to collect mercury chloride from the flue gas which has been formed through the enhancement of the mercury and chlorine oxidation reaction, enhanced through the heterogeneous reaction mechanism of this same activated carbon in the primary combustion fuel.

Abstract: In a method of removing metals such as mercury from flue gas produced by combustion devices, water or water including a calcium-containing component or water including Cl? anion formers or water including both a calcium-containing component and Cl? anion formers is injected into the flue gas in a manner so that there are sufficient amounts of these materials in the flue gas when the flue gas is at a temperature from about 250° F. to about 350° F. to retain the mercury within the aqueous phase. After the water evaporates, the oxidized mercury is retained on the dry flyash particles present in the flue gas. These flyash particles bound with the oxidized mercury are removed from the flue gas by a particulate removal device, such as an electrostatic precipitator, baghouse filter or cyclone.

Abstract: In a method of measuring heat flux and corrosion in a furnace, pairs of thermocouples are attached to the back side of the furnace wall. One thermocouple of each pair is attached to a tube and the second thermocouple is attached to a web connected to that tube. A temperature differential is determined for each pair at selected time intervals. A decrease in the difference between temperature differentials indicates slag on the furnace wall has melted indicating corrosion can be occurring.

Abstract: In a method of removing metals such as mercury from flue gas produced by combustion devices, ammonia and optionally carbon monoxide are injected into the flue gas in a manner so that there are sufficient amounts of these materials in the flue gas when the flue gas is at a temperature of from 900° F. to 1350° F. to oxidize the metals within the flue gas. The oxidized metals are then attracted to particulates present in the flue gas. These particulates bound with oxidized metals are removed from the flue gas by a particulate removal device such as an electrostatic precipitator or baghouse.