Abstract: A head massager includes a helmet (10) having a first parallel hoop (11) and a second parallel hoop (12) connected to each other for forming a ring surrounding the user's head. The helmet (10) has a first meridian hoop (21) and a second meridian hoop (22) connected to each other to form an arc structure and hang the head massager on user's head. The distance adjustment devices (3) are provided to connect the first parallel hoop (11), the second parallel hoop (12), the first meridian hoop (21), and the second meridian hoop (22) together for adjusting the size of the helmet (10) to provide a comfortable fit to user's head.

Abstract: A footwear ventilation system that introduces fresh air into a shoe upper using an air displacement chamber actuated by the downward force of a foot. The ventilation system comprises a lasting board and a ventilation unit comprising a one-way inflow check valve, an air displacement chamber positioned in the heel area, a set of non-pinching tubular channels connecting the inflow valve to the displacement chamber, and a one-way outflow check valve that expels air from the displacement chamber to the atmosphere. The lasting board is placed on top of the ventilation unit to evenly distribute the deceleration force produced by the ventilation unit. As a shoe contacts the ground under the user's weight, the foot compresses the displacement chamber, forcing air out of the outflow valve and into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Self-ventilating footwear using two simple check valves attached to a midsole insert that comprises a compression member and a displacement compartment, wherein the midsole insert is inserted into the lower part of a shoe. The check valves are located on the forefoot and heel of the shoe and operate by compression of the user's foot which forces air out of the heel valve and, in turn, creates a vacuum in the displacement compartment which draws air in through the forefoot valve. By walking or running, the user repeatedly compresses the displacement compartment and drives the airflow through the displacement compartment. The simple nature of the valve and compartment arrangement improves the ease of manufacture and reduces the cost of the footwear.

Abstract: The present invention is a self-ventilating insert for footwear with a wedge-shape pumping chamber located in the heel of the footwear. The pumping chamber can displace an air volume of at least about 44 cubic centimeters plus 3 times the U.S. men's footwear size. The pumping chamber has convex side and rear walls that fold together as the pumping chamber collapses. Maximum air circulation is achieved as the upper and lower surfaces of the pumping chamber come into full contact with each other. In a preferred embodiment, the length of the pumping chamber is between 30% and 60% of the length of the sole. The internal air duct, in a preferred embodiment, has a thin, wide cross-section with a plurality of tubes that resist kinking and pinching action near the flex zone of the footwear.

Abstract: A unitary pumping chamber that removes excess heat and moisture from within the footwear to the footwear exterior. The pumping chamber displaces an approximate air volume of 100 cubic centimeters. The placement of the pumping chamber above the midsole but below the foot-enclosing upper allows tension forces generated from flexion of the foot to reinflate the pumping chamber without addition mechanical devices. In addition, the performance of the midsole is not affected because the pumping chamber is not embedded within the midsole.

Abstract: An energy-return pump chamber for footwear. A lateral cross-section of the chamber having rigid top and side portions with flexible top and side elbows between. A longitudinal cross-section of the chamber a flat bottom portion, a rear flat horizontal portion of the top and a downward-slanting front portion of the top down to the forward end of the flat bottom.

Abstract: Ventilated footwear has in a sole thereof a pumping chamber formed in a heel portion of the sole and bounded by two parallel top and bottom walls and a peripheral wall which is resilient to bias the pumping chamber and has converging upper and lower wall portions extending from the top and bottom walls of the chamber. Air is supplied to the pumping chamber through an air inlet passage and is exhausted from the pumping chamber via an air outlet passage.