Abstract: An automated system for examining a workpiece 6 treated so that flaws are revealed by concentrations of indicator on its surface scans the workpiece surface to provide an output signal representative of the luminance of surface regions. These are stored in a memory 12 and first and second signals representative of the average luminance of a number of regions A, B, C, and E, F, G on opposite sides of a central region D are formed. The first and second average signals are compared to determine which one represents the greatest concentration of indicator and the selected signal is used to derive a threshold value which is compared with the output signal representative of the luminance of the central region D. A flaw is indicated when the central region luminance signal is greater than the threshold value.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I or Formula II ##STR1## where A is an electron withdrawing group and B is a secondary or tertiary amino group or the group OD where D is H, aryl or an aliphatic group are made by reacting a corresponding compound of Formula Ia or Formula IIa ##STR2## in a solvent with a reagent selected from organic primary and secondary amines and compounds of the formula MOD where M is an alkali metal and A and D are as defined above. In this process the nitro group and the group B in Formula I and Ia are in the 2- or 4- position and the compounds of Formula I, Ia, II and IIa may optionally be further substituted. Preferably a primary or secondary amine is reacted with a compound of formula Ia, preferably using dimethylformamide as solvent. The process can result in the production of novel compounds, including (1) Compounds of Formula III wherein each group A is CO.sub.

Abstract: A water washable, wash resistant biodegradable dye penetrant composition is described. It comprises one or more dyes and at least 70% of a substantially linear primary alcohol ethoxylate containing 2 to 4.5 ethoxy groups per molecule.