Abstract: A rail anchoring clip and associated sleeper assembly comprising the combination of a sleeper having raised projections which locate the rail against movement longitudinal of the sleeper, each projection having formed therein an aperture through which a rail anchoring clip extends. The clip being constructed of steel and being shaped when resiliently deformed to engage the rail foot and the underside of the sleeper.

Abstract: Tinplate container with externally welded seam is formed of electrolytic unreflowed tinplate with external tin coating of low coating mass (less than 2 g/m.sup.2); the solderability of such tinplate being comparable with conventional reflowed tinplate of much higher coating mass. The unreflowed tinplate of low coating mass may be produced by Halogen electrotinning process in which ratio of fluoride ions to stannous tin ions in the rinsing section is maintained at unprecedented high level (not less than 10:1), the pH of the rinsing agent is maintained at less than 4 and the current density of the electrodeposition current is in the range 600 to 1,600 amperes per square meter of strip steel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing oscillations in input electrical power to a Ward-Leonard drive system which is subject to variations in mechanical loading, the technique utilizing a notch filter in the feedback path to the dc generator, the notch filter being turned to match the resonant frequency of the synchronous motor.

Abstract: Tinplate container with externally welded seam is formed of electrolytic unreflowed tinplate with external tin coating of low coating mass (less than 2 g/m.sup.2); the solderability of such tinplate being comparable with conventional reflowed tinplate of much higher coating mass. The unreflowed tinplate of low coating mass may be produced by Halogen electrotinning process in which ratio of fluoride ions to stannous tin ions in the rinsing section is maintained at unprecedented high level (not less than 10:1), the pH of the rinsing agent is maintained at less than 4 and the current density of the electrodeposition current is in the range 600 to 1,600 amperes per square meter of strip steel.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of forming a furnace cooling element involving casting a metal block or plate (10) around one or more elongated metal tubes (11) which have a protective coating applied thereto, and thereafter the, or each, metal tube (11) is explosively expanded by an explosive charge (12) closer to the surrounding material of the metal plate (10). Also disclosed is a method in which the protective coating on the metal tube is replaced by a full length external shroud tube (21) to increase the thermal efficiency of the cooling element, the inner metal cooling tube (20) is explosively expanded by an explosive charge (23) closer to the surrounding shroud tube (21) prior to casting a metal plate or block (28) around the tube combination (20, 21) to minimize the gap (22) between the outside wall of the metal cooling tube (20) and the inside wall of the metal protective shroud tube (21).

Abstract: Tinplate container with externally welded seam is formed of electrolytic unreflowed tinplate with external tin coating of low coating mass (less than 2 g/m.sup.2); the solderability of such tinplate being comparable with conventional reflowed tinplate of much higher coating mass. The unreflowed tinplate of low coating mass may be produced by Halogen electrotinning process in which ratio of fluoride ions to stannous tin ions in the rinsing section is maintained at unprecedented high level (not less than 10:1), the pH of the rinsing agent is maintained at less than 4 and the current density of the electrodeposition current is in the range 600 to 1,600 amperes per square meter of strip steel.

Abstract: This specification discloses a greatly simplified method and system for recovering coal from a particulate coal bearing slurry (1) in which an appropriate hydrophobic liquid or emulsion of hydrophobic liquid in water (2) is introduced into the inlet of a centrifugal turbulent flow slurry pump (3) simultaneously with the introduction of said coal bearing slurry to said pump inlet, said hydrophobic liquid being introduced in a quantity sufficient to achieve substantially intimate contact between said hydrophobic liquid and coal particles in said slurry whereby the coal may be separated from the slurry by discharging the slurry from the pump directly over a simple static screen or other suitable separating device (4) whereupon the separated coal matter (5) may be collected for subsequent use.

Abstract: A process for production of hydrocarbons useful as fuels, comprises contacting a feed stream containing acetylene with a zeolite catalyst, whereby a reaction product containing said hydrocarbons is obtained. In a preferred embodiment the feed stream contains acetylene in admixture with one or more other compounds, for example inert gases, water, hydrogen, methane, ethane, and alcohols.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transporting gas-borne particulate material comprising a pneumatic conveyor having an elongate duct. In order to inhibit formation of stagnant pockets and recirculation of solids within the duct, an annular flow of gas is introduced into the duct, preferably along its peripheral wall. The annular flow is auxiliary to the main flow and may be introduced via an annular passage encompassing an inlet section of the duct and extending longitudinally of the duct. Gas may be supplied to the annular passage from an annular plenum chamber surrounding the duct.

Abstract: A push-in easy opening closure for a can end (1) or similar container member formed with a resealable pressure releasing tab (4) closing an opening (5) in the can end (1) and integrally connected to the can end (1) at integral connection (6). The tab (4) is adapted to be bent about the integral connection (6) during the opening operation, and to avoid sheet metal fracture at the integral connection (6), the radius about which the tab (4) will bend in the region of the connection (6) is artificially increased by some convenient means. In a first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 3), a raised dimple (7) is formed centrally of the integral connection (6). In another embodiment (FIG. 4), an elongate raised bead (8) is formed longitudinally of the anticipated line of bending of the connection (6). In a still further embodiment (FIGS. 5 to 7), an elongate raised bead (9) extends transversely of the anticipated line of bending of the connection (6) and to either side of said line. In a still further embodiment (FIG.

Abstract: This specification discloses certain improvements in resealable pressure releasing closures of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,105,134 and 4,155,480 Debenham et al. In the several improvements disclosed in the specification, the resealing properties of the closure are improved by reducing the concentration of the flexure of the closure at the connection between the closure and the can end to thereby reduce the extent to which the material defining the connection permanently deforms during the opening operation. In one embodiment the pressure releasing closure or tab 20 has a connection 23 to the can end which is at substantially the same level as the adjacent portion of the closure by the provision of an area 26 immediately behind the connection which is downwardly depressed so as to be co-planar with the tab 20.

Abstract: This specification discloses an improved electrochemical gas sensor comprising a closed end stabilized zirconia tube to which a porous layer of powdered zirconia is applied so as to be intimately bonded to the tube, and a layer of porous electrode material which in the use of the sensor is exposed to the gases to be analyzed. The provision of the porous layer of powdered zirconia substantially improves the bonding of the outer electrode layer to the zirconia tube. In the preferred embodiment a further powdered zirconia layer is applied to the electrode to protect the electrode and to inhibit chemical contamination of the zirconia/electrode interface of the sensor.

Abstract: An insulation pad for rails on sleepers, the pad comprising a base section adapted, in use, to be interposed between a rail and an underlying sleeper, and two upper sections adapted, in use, to extend over the respective upper surfaces of the rail foot, the upper sections being formed integrally with the base section, wherein the upper sections are hingedly connected to the respective side edges of the base section, which hinges are formed by sections of pad material of reduced thickness, and wherein the upper sections and the associated side edges of the base section adjacent the respective hinges incorporate interlocking knuckle and groove arrangements for resisting differential movement between the upper sections and the base section longitudinally of the hinges.

Abstract: One form of the invention discloses an apparatus and a method for positioning the snorkel of a vacuum degassing apparatus beneath the interface of the molten metal and slag in a ladle utilizing means for determining the interface, which means comprises an electrode adapted for positioning within the ladle in electrical contact with the material, indicating means for indicating a first range of voltages produced at said electrode by an electrochemical reaction between the molten metal and the electrode as well as a second range of voltages produced at the electrode by an electrochemical rection between the slag and the electrode, with means for supporting the electrode independently of the ladle and adapted to enable the electrode to be raised or lowered within, and relative to, the ladle, wherein the electrode is moved to a position within the ladle and relative movement is subsequently produced between the electrode and the ladle whereby the position of the interface will be determined by noting a change in

Abstract: A process of agglomerating coal from coal fines is disclosed, wherein an aqueous slurry of coal fines is mixed with oil without intensive agitation, and thereafter the resulting coal fines agglomerates are removed from the slurry. The process unexpectedly produces higher selective agglomeration than prior art processes utilizing high shear energy input conditions.

Abstract: A process for the production of electrophotographic grade zinc oxide which comprises heating zinc oxide to a temperature of between 150.degree. C. and 800.degree. C. and then treating the heat treated zinc oxide with an organic compound having at least two carbon atoms and containing an alkene group.

Abstract: This specification discloses improvements in push-in easy opening closures of the pressure releasing type which are designed to substantially reseal once a digitally applied push-in force causing them to open is released. In one form of the invention, the pressure releasing closure is formed partly within the confines of a pouring closure and partly outside the pouring closure whereby the pressure releasing closure is permanently opened when the pouring closure is opened. In another embodiment, the pressure releasing closure is connected to the can end adjacent its countersink whereby the opened closure defines a liquid draining hole when opened. The specification also discloses a can end having a closure formed so that the sheet metal at its hinge is relatively undisturbed. A method of forming such a closure is also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of gaseous mixtures is disclosed wherein said apparatus includes a combustion chamber, and burner means for blending a mixture of oxidizing gas and a primary fuel causing the mixture to assume a highly turbulent compact and self-contained configuration within the combustion chamber while totally combusting the mixture. The apparaus also includes fuel means for introducing a secondary fuel into the chamber to form a sheath around the self-contained configuration for mixing and reacting with the products of combustion therein to produce the gaseous mixture. Gaseous mixtures are suitable for use as agents for synthesis process raw materials.

Abstract: This specification disclosed a method of and apparatus for the application of sealant gasketing or protective material to a can end or to other container members in which a transfer head having a transfer face in the shape of the container member area to be covered by the sealant is covered with sealant and the container member brought into contact with at least the sealant on the transfer face to achieve transfer of the sealant to the container member. In one form the transfer head has a passage opening to the transfer face through which sealant is pumped to cover the transfer face. In another form the transfer head is arranged to be immersed in a tank of sealant to cover the transfer face with sealant.