Abstract: Within ultra high velocity flame spray apparatus, the oxy-fuel products of combustion under pressure exit from an internal burner and pass through a spray nozzle of extended length. Metal or ceramic material in thin diameter rod form or as particles are fed to the nozzle inlet at a point at or just ahead of the throat of the nozzle bore. The exceptionally long nozzle flow path and the mode of introduction of the material into the flame spray insures a concentrated and highly focussed core of spray material for material spray coating downstream of the nozzle at supersonic speed.

Abstract: In one form, a cylindrical shell extends from an annular burner body to form an elongated combustion chamber, which chamber bears a cylindrical heat radiator element concentric with and spaced radially inward of the shell. A tube coupled to the opposite end of the annular burner body delivers compressed air born abrasive particles to a reduced diameter inlet passage within the burner body. The burner body bears a tubular, slotted sand separator which permits air free of sand to pass along the rear side of the heat radiator for re-entry through radial holes within the heat raditor downstream of the burner body for combustion stabilization. In another form, the combustion chamber is at right angles to the flow passage including the tubular, slotted sand separator and the discharge nozzle. The products of combustion from the combustion chamber at high temperature and velocity, aspirate the abrasive flow through the discharge nozzle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for controlling the maximum power of a hydraulic windmill which is achieved by utilizing the overpressure created in a closed loop hydraulic energy conversion system to rotate the tail of the windmill away from its operating plane to reduce the power transmitted from the wind to the blades of the windmill. A mechanical braking mechanism may be applied to the windmill blade driven rotatable shaft upon a sensed overpressure in the hydraulic fluid which acts through a differential between the hydraulic overpressure and a preset pressure to effect closure of the brake.

Abstract: A high velocity gaseous accelerating secondary jet stream in the form of the products of combustion of an internal burner is directed as a converging annular flow about and into a primary jet stream of high temperature bearing melted particles to accelerate the particles for improved impingement coating of a substrate with the internal burner operated under parameters such that the secondary jet stream is at sufficiently high temperature to prevent solidification of the particles during transport by the higher molten secondary stream prior to impact on the substrate surface.

Abstract: A portion of an earth well bore is sealed off, and a combustible mixture of gaseous oxidizer and fuel is introduced into a sealed length of the well bore and ignited with substantial momentary pressure rise, fracturing the earth formation adjacent the well bore to increase the flow of fluid from the surrounding earth into the well. A check valve intermediate of the sealed well bore length functions to segregate the well bore into upper and lower sealed portions. By igniting a fuel gas mixture within the first sealed length, there is created a momentary high pressure wave within the sealed volume that is transmitted as a standing pressure into the second sealed volume. Successive firings of combustible mixtures in the first sealed volume create a steady pressure in the second sealed volume nearly equivalent to the peak transitory pressures realized in the first sealed volume during the individual firings.

Abstract: An elongated casing forming a combustion chamber and bearing a venturi type jet nozzle at one end and a fuel and compressed air supply at its opposite end, bears one or more radial passages opening to the venturi to permit a secondary fuel to feed into the flame exiting from the burner for reaction with free oxygen which is unburned from the primary fuel and air mixture entering the combustion chamber at said opposite end of the apparatus. The secondary fuel may be acetylene, methyl-acetylene and its compounds with hydrogen.

Abstract: An elongated casing forming an air cooled combustion chamber includes a venturi type jet nozzle at one end and an ignition system spark plug at its opposite end in axial alignment with the nozzle bore. The spark plug includes a first electrode separated from a second electrode by an annular space. A gas having an oxygen content in excess of that of natural air is introduced to the annular space to improve ignition and internal burner start up. Liquid fuel flow is introduced into the region of extended spark within the combustion chamber and downstream of the ends of the first and second electrodes. Compressed air, after initial cooling of the combustion chamber wall and nozzle, enters the end of the combustion chamber housing the spark plug to create with the fuel a combustible mixture. Some of the compressed air is fed to the annular space between first and second electrodes to maintain the extended spark and improved ignition of the fuel/air mixture.

Abstract: Chanelling in rock quarries with reduced noise level is effected by flame drilling side by side holes separated by a web with the web sufficiently thin to allow easy subsequent breakage, preferably where the web is badly heat damaged and cracked through. Water injection acts together with the muffler effect with drilling restricted to individual holes separated by the web to significantly reduce noise levels. The flame drill is preferably additionally provided with a muffler of "folded" design to increase the gas flow path over a short vertical dimension. The muffler may comprise multiple concentric tubes with the inner of the tubes bearing holes for transmitting flow radially of longitudinal flow paths defined by opposed concentric tube walls. A refractory cloth annulus secured to the top of the muffler may be spring held to the stem of the flame drill assembly.

Abstract: Means for measuring and recording the instantaneous rate of flow of a liquid such as a stream of urine, and an accumulated volume of said fluid. The rate is measured by causing it to flow along a measured sloping channel supported by a deflectable beam and gauging the deflection of the beam. The total flow is measured by collecting the liquid in a container supported and gauged in the same way. The system can be entirely gas-operated.

Abstract: Means for measuring the flow of a stream of fluid and the resistance to said flow. The means can be powered by the fluid whose flow is being measured. First axis motor means moves a chart in response to total flow, and second axis motor means moves marker means on said chart in response to variations in backpressure caused by resistance to flow out of the means. Examples are measuring the muscular response of the urethra and of the bladder.

Abstract: A system for deriving useful energy from a windmill in which a liquid pump is driven by the windmill. Useful energy is obtained by either a fluid driven generator or a friction heater. The output of the pump and the speed of the windmill are controlled by a constant volume valve in the fluid circuit.