Abstract: The invention includes methods, kits, compositions, and apparatus for intranasal administration of a compound such as a pharmaceutically active agent in a targeted manner. Such compounds can be delivered preferentially to a component of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the brain, the spinal cord, or cerebrospinal fluid. Such compounds can alternatively be administered preferentially to the systemic circulation of a human patient. The compound can be administered to either side of the blood-brain barrier by directing administration of the compound to portions of the nasal epithelium that overlie or are near an intranasal nerve structure, and intranasal blood vessel, or both.