Abstract: A process for the simultaneous, in-situ determination of thermophysical properties, primarily for determination of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, according to which in a certain volume of the material to be tested a temperature field varying with time is brought about by perturbation due to heating and this temperature field is measured, then certain properties are determined by calculation from the obtained temperature data and the known heating power input spherical isotherms are formed in the material to be tested in a way, that temperature change of at least one degree Celsius is brought about at the measuring points which are arranged along a straight line passing through the heat source and intersecting the isotherms along their diameter, and a measuring probe formed as a rod-type body made of poor heat conductive material having a heating element and measuring points, wherein the heating element is formed as a point-like heat source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and apparatus for the regregation of radioactive iodine isotopes from fluid samples. The method consists in leading the degassed and in certain cases also otherwise prepared sample into a column filled with an amorphous solid medium for binding quantitatively the cations, fluoride anions and contaminations of colloidal state, then the effluent flow continuously through an energy-selective gamma detector and continuously recording the signals generated in the detector by the radioactive iodine isotopes. The proposed apparatus comprises a sampling unit (MV), a degassing vessel (G), fluid transfer pumps (P1, P2), pipings, cocks (CS), a bubble removing cell (BC), a column (K) with amorphous material filling, an energy-selective detector system (GD) for measuring gamma radiation, and a signal processing and recording unit (JR).

Abstract: A circuit arrangement consists of one or several high voltage transformers and rectifier systems usable advantageously for the step-up transformation of medium frequency voltages, for rectification, and smoothing. With the use of the circuit arrangement according to this invention, systems can be built up having small dimensions and low weight, and usable as high voltage supply units providing low standing wave ratio and good dynamic properties. The secondary winding of the high voltage transformer exhibits a flat arrangement. Electrically connected winding systems are designed from the secondary flat windings (flat windings of a predetermined number are connected in series). The resultant AC voltage of the individual, electrically coupled winding systems is connected to the component rectifiers. The component rectifiers are series-connected on the DC side.

Abstract: An electro-optical light modulator having a reduced piezo-optical effect by providing a plurality of optically series-connected modulator crystals having geometric dimension differing from one another such that for pulse control the overlapping of acoustical transients generated in the individual modulator crystals is excluded, along the beam path and where periodical control is used, the overlapping of the piezo-electrical resonant frequencies of the individual modulator crystal is excluded.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for performing routine analyses such as polarographic or spectrophotometric analysis on a large set of sample solutions filled into separate sample cups being arranged on or shaped in a sample cup holder (101) along a moving path, wherein the samples are in consecutive cycles sucked out of the sample cup (102) by a suction tube (103) and transferred into a common vessel, wherein the analysis will be performed. The vessel (105) has a lower outlet (107) communicating with an analyzer cell (112) or the ambient space over a channel (116) which is only effective if the sample level in the vessel (105) exceeds a certain threshold level, and an aspirating mouth (108) in the upper part of the vessel (105) communicating over a valve (109) with the ambient space. The suction tube (103) has a fixed end coupled to the inlet (106) of the vessel (105) and a free end can be moved into two different working positions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system comprising of motion-damping sandwich elements and energy-absorbing steel mandrels arranged between the building foundation and the superstructure, where at least a certain part of the sections receiving the steel mandrels in the building foundation is formed as a sliding block movable in the horizontal direction and embedded with expansion gaps in all directions in relation to the foundation. These blocks are placed onto sliding layers of low friction coefficient. During the earthquake, the fixed spring elements will be deformed. As soon as the deformation reaches a fixed limit value, the spring elements embedded with the lowest expansion gap step in and increase the rigidity. The stepping in of the further springs can be controlled by selection of the expansion gaps.

Abstract: A method for the determination of the heat transfer coefficient on a heat transferring surface, including the steps of arranging a layer for measuring the surface temperature and heat flux on the heat transferring surface so that the layer can change the original temperature and heat flux to a negligible extent only, providing for the slight and properly slow changeability of the surface heat flux density within a cycle time which is by several orders of magnitude longer than the time constants of the heat flux measuring layer and of the heat transferring boundary layer, by using a supplementary heating element and performing a practically unlimited number of measuring cycles, using the steps of deflecting the surface heat flux density and temperature relative to the condition in which no measurement takes place. The time-functions of the changes of the surface temperature .DELTA.T and of the surface heat flux density .DELTA.

Abstract: The panoramic imaging block for three-dimensional space being suitable for pictorial recording and displaying of three-dimensional spaces based on the flat cylindrical perspective and having reflecting and refracting surfaces to be described mathematical functions is provided with at least four surfaces influencing the propagation of waves, which are formed as reflective surfaces (1,2) and refractive surfaces (4,5) of equal number, producing an annular image from the approximately cylinder-symmetrical space-part around the concentric-symmetrical axis of the imaging block.

Abstract: An equipment is disclosed for displaying alphanumerical and/or pictorial information offering a high working reliability even in case of unfavorable working conditions.The plate of a display board is provided with a ground-color painted surface wherein one or more apertures are shaped along one or parallelly running more axes. Tiltable masks are arranged behind the aperture/s/ along at least one row in a manner that they may by tilting them be turned through the said aperture/s/ so as to cover each one dot of the surface of the said plate. The color of the masks is differing from the ground-color. The display pattern selection is performed by a mechanism comprising two levers arranged in different heights and angle positions at the body of the mask and co-operating with a fixed buffer and another buffer which can be changed over between two working positions the said buffers being arranged on a carriage displaceable along the plate.

Abstract: A method for removing the moisture adhered to surfaces of bodies and simultaneously for adjusting the surface temperature of the bodies to a predetermined value, in which air or steam having a temperature within the range of .+-.10 degrees centigrade of the surface temperature to be reached is streamed along the surface of the body, wherein an average velocity of stream of the air or steam is as follows: ##EQU1## wherein v.sub.1 is the average velocity of stream of the air or steam,g is the gravitational acceleration (g=9.81 m/s.sup.2),t.sub.v is the dynamic viscosity of the moisture in the state of its removal,G.sub.1 is the specific weight of the air or steam in the state or removal of the moisture,v.sub.v1 is the velocity of stream of the moisture at radius R.sub.1,R.sub.b is the hydraulic radius of the moistened surface,R.sub.1 is the hydraulic radius of the interface of the moisture and the air or steam,f.sub.1 is the degree of saturation of the air or steam,c is ##EQU2## wherein 0.

Abstract: A method of recovering hydrocarbon substances such as oil and tar from naturally occurring mineral matter such as oil shale and young coal ranks, which comprises subjecting the natural mineral product to microwave irradiation in a pressure vessel through which an expelling medium is passed. The expelling medium can be gaseous or liquefied carbon dioxide containing natural or mixed gases, hydrocarbon-containing gas, vapor or liquid and gaseous or vapor-halogenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention is regeneration and recirculation of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of a nitric acid plant without using any material current and heat energy other than that generated in the process of producing nitric acid. Nitrogen oxide is recovered by at least two adsorbers each containing an acid resistant zeolite molecular sieve and operating in an alternate heat cycle; adsorption occurring at 20-40 degrees C. and regeneration at 300-350 degrees C. The hot gas exiting from the oxidation unit used in the production of nitric acid is used to regenerate the adsorbers and the nitrogen oxides set free during the said regeneration are introduced into the main feed stream of the nitric acid plant. In the final stage of the regeneration the adsorbers are cooled by rinsing them with exhaust gas or air at a temperature of 20-40 degrees C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the selective hydroxymethylation of substituted ortho- or paranitrotoluenes of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in order to prepare nitrophenylalkanols of the general formula (II) ##STR2## In the above formulae the nitro group is attached to the benzene ring in ortho or para position related to the methyl group or the hydroxyalkyl side chain, respectively, X stands for hydrogen, fluorine or an alkyl, alkoxy or nitro group, and n is 1, 2 or 3.According to the process of the invention the starting substance is hydroxymethylated with an excess of formaldehyde at a temperature above room temperature in dimethyl formamide and in the presence of a strong base. The reaction is performed in dimethyl formamide containing 0.1 to 1% by weight of water, and the reaction is directed to the formation of the required end-product by properly adjusting the temperature and the amount of formaldehyde and the base with respect to the starting compound of the general formula (I).

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing hydraulic binding materials having a high bonding capacity, starting from glassy pyrogenic rocks. According to the invention glassy pyrogenic rocks are mechanically activated by grinding. The activation time is 0.5 to 36 hours, preferably 4 to 12 hours, and the mechanical stress applied is higher than in case of the conventional fine grinding. The activated product is thereafter admixed with one or both of lime and cement.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of a urea-fatty acid adduct composed of discrete solid particles and having high protein and starch equivalent values wherein an aqueous solution or melt of urea at increased temperature is reacted with a fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acid and neutral fat at an increased temperature in a weight ratio of urea to fatty acid between 40 : 60 and 60 : 40 in a confined reacting space for about 2.5 to 10 seconds and wherein the mixture has been sprayed into a spraying space to allow the particles to crystallize in the air stream from the spraying.

Abstract: A process for the heat treatment of coils of aluminum and aluminum alloys in which lubricants applied to the surfaces of the metal strip, the usual oxide layer and a spacing between turns formed during coiling permit the application of a voltage across the coil between the ends of the strip of 0.01 to 0.25 volts per turn and a current intensity of 1,000 to 10,000 amperes, preferably 5,000 amperes, to heat the coil to 750.degree. C. The coil is thereupon cooled.

Abstract: The concentration of boron dissolved in water is determined by positioning a measuring vessel between a radio-active neutron source and a neutron detector. The neutron source is disposed in a moderator and the detector is disposed in a relfector; while the test specimen, e.g. boric acid, is disposed between two flat parallel plates perpendicular to the path between the source and the detector. The time necessary for the detector to receive a certain number of neutrons varies linearly as the concentration of boron; and so the boron concentration can be displayed as a function of elapsed time in excess of that time necessary for the predetermined number of neutrons to be received through pure water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of aldehydes by hydrogenating carboxylic chlorides of the general formula RCOCl, wherein R stands for alkyl, isoalkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aromatic, heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group, the substituents being alkyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl, carbonyl and nitro groups wherein the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of an alloy catalyst comprising at least one element of the platinum group and at least one element of the groups IB and IIB of the periodic system.The invention renders possible the production of aldehydes in a fair yield and at an adequate selectivity.

Abstract: A process for recovering reusable suspended metal catalyst with a pre-determined minimum particle size from a suspension of metal particles in a liquid phase by subjecting the suspension to a continuously moving magnetic field of a minimum intensity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method of preparing catalysts containing the oxides and/or oxyhydrates of aluminum, silicon, magnesium or zinc either alone or in combination with each other, or catalysts containing a metal or a metal oxide as active component and an above-identified oxide and/or oxyhydrate or a mixture thereof as support. According to the invention catalysts with excellent activities can be prepared with a simple and economic operation.One proceeds, in accordance with the invention, as follows: powdered metallic aluminum, silicon, magnesium or zinc or a fused mixture thereof, or, when a supported catalyst is to be prepared, a fused mixture also containing one or more catalytically active metals, is admixed with an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, said alkaline agent being used in an amount of 0.