Abstract: A liquid alkali composition for use in fiber reactive dyeing of cotton and cotton blended fabrics or the like. The liquid alkali is a solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate formed by reaction of CO2 with the potassium hydroxide solution, and adding sodium hydroxide to the resultant mixture. The resulting supersaturated solution has a high enough Total Alkalinity to achieve reaction between the dye, including vinyl sulfone dyes, and fiber but is sufficiently buffered to achieve this reaction slowly so that the fiber reactive dyes fix in a level, uniform fashion. Preferably the composition includes potassium carbonate, potassium citrate, and potassium polyacrylate. The citrate and polyacrylate act as dispersants in the dyeing process and also act as crystallization inhibitors in solution. The use of the carbonate compounds of the present invention in place of conventional silicates or phosphorus prevents the discharge of untreatable toxic wastewater into natural waterways.

Abstract: A dyeing system composition for use in printing articles formed from cellulose prior to dyeing. The dyeing system composition includes the use of both a dye blocking print paste and a dye enhancing print paste to selectively decrease or increase the shade of dyed portions of a cellulose article such as a woven cotton fabric.

Abstract: A dyeing system composition for use in printing articles formed from cellulose prior to dyeing. The dyeing system composition includes the use of both a dye blocking print paste and a dye enhancing print paste to selectively decrease or increase the shade of dyed portions of a cellulose article such as a woven cotton fabric.

Abstract: A dyeing and printing system for use in color printing articles or fabrics formed from cellulose prior to dyeing. In the preferred embodiment, the dyeing system composition includes the selective use of a dye blocking print paste, a color binder print paste and a dye enhancing print paste to selectively decrease or increase the shade of the dyed portions of a cellulose article, such as a woven or knitted cotton or cotton/polyester article or fabric while, at the same time, permitting the resisted areas to be colored differently.

Abstract: A dyeing system composition for use in printing articles formed from cellulose prior to dyeing. The dyeing system composition includes the use of both a dye blocking print paste and a dye enhancing print paste to selectively decrease or increase the shade of dyed portions of a cellulose article such as a woven cotton fabric.

Abstract: A composition for the elimination of cellulosic dye cross staining when dyeing cellulosic and synthetic blended fabrics in a dye bath. The composition includes a first component including polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer having a mwt. of between about 15,000 to 40,000 and the balance water. In the preferred embodiment, the composition includes a second component including dyestuff including dyes and polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer. Dyeing textile articles having at least two different types of fibers selected from the group consisting of cellulosic and synthetic fibers using the present invention produce a dyed article in which the cellulosic fibers are dyed and the synthetic fibers have a Class Value of greater than about 3 when measured according to the AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.

Abstract: Liquid caustic compositions for use in reactive dyeing, having total and alkaline activities approximating the total and alkaline activities of a predetermined liquid caustic composition are prepared by providing a source of water; providing a container of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution; providing a container of liquid buffered alkali solution; providing a mixer communicating with the containers; providing at least one liquid caustic solution storage tank in communication with the mixer; providing flow meters communicating with the mixer to monitor the quantities of sodium hydroxide and buffered alkali flowing to the mixer; determining the total and active alkalinities of the target liquid caustic composition; determining the quantities of sodium hydroxide and buffered alkali solutions required to provide a liquid caustic solution having total and active alkalinities approximating the total and active alkalinities of the target solution; diluting the concentrated sodium hydroxide with the water to for

Abstract: A liquid alkali composition for use in fiber reactive dyeing of cotton and cotton blended fabrics or the like. The liquid alkali is a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and its carbonate formed by reaction of liquid CO.sub.2 with the alkali metal hydroxide solution. The resulting supersaturated solution has a high enough Total Alkalinity to achieve reaction between the dye and fiber but is sufficiently buffered to achieve this reaction slowly so that the fiber reactive dyes fix in a level, uniform fashion. Preferably the composition is a mixture of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium citrate, and potassium polyacrylate. The citrate and polyacrylate act as dispersants in the dyeing process and also act as crystallization inhibitors in solution. The use of the carbonate compounds of the present invention in place of conventional silicates or phosphorus prevents the discharge of untreatable toxic wastewater into natural waterways.

Abstract: A bleaching composition for cellulosic materials such as paper pulp, cotton and cotton blends. The chemical system of the present invention includes a mixture of sodium hydroxide, optical brighteners and an enhanced hydrogen peroxide composition including a silicate-free stabilizer. In the preferred embodiment, the silicate-free stabilizer includes a magnesium salt; an aminoalkylphosphonic acid; dipicolinic acid; and the balance water. The resulting textile goods are soft, absorbent, silicate-free with a Hunter Scale whiteness of greater than about 85. Because a silicate-free stabilizer is used, low levels of extractable solids are obtained.

Abstract: Liquid caustic compositions for use in reactive dyeing, having total and alkaline activities approximating the total and alkaline activities of a predetermined liquid caustic composition are prepared by providing a source of water; providing a container of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution; providing a container of liquid buffered alkali solution; providing a mixer communicating with the containers; providing at least one liquid caustic solution storage tank in communication with the mixer; providing flow meters communicating with the mixer to monitor the quantities of sodium hydroxide and buffered alkali flowing to the mixer; determining the total and active alkalinities of the target liquid caustic composition; determining the quantities of sodium hydroxide and buffered alkali solutions required to provide a liquid caustic solution having total and active alkalinities approximating the total and active alkalinities of the target solution; diluting the concentrated sodium hydroxide with the water to for

Abstract: A liquid alkali composition for use in fiber reactive dyeing of cotton and cotton blended fabrics or the like. The liquid alkali is a solution of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate formed by reaction of CO.sub.2 with the potassium hydroxide solution, and adding sodium hydroxide to the resultant mixture. The resulting supersaturated solution has a high enough Total Alkalinity to achieve reaction between the dye, including vinyl sulfone dyes, and fiber but is sufficiently buffered to achieve this reaction slowly so that the fiber reactive dyes fix in a level, uniform fashion. Preferably the composition includes potassium carbonate, potassium citrate, and potassium polyacrylate. The citrate and polyacrylate act as dispersants in the dyeing process and also act as crystallization inhibitors in solution.

Abstract: A bleaching composition for cellulosic materials such as paper pulp, cotton and cotton blends. The chemical system of the present invention includes a mixture of sodium hydroxide, optical brighteners and an enhanced hydrogen peroxide including a silicate-free stabilizer. In the preferred embodiment, the silicate-free stabilizer includes; magnesium acetate; phosphonic acid derivative or substituted phosphonic acids; dipicolinic acid; and the balance water. The resulting textile goods are soft, absorbent, silicate-free with a Hunter Scale whiteness of greater than about 85. Because a silicate-free stabilizer is used, low levels of extractable solids are obtained.

Abstract: Low toxicity, biodegradable salt substitutes for use in dyeing of cotton and cotton blended fabrics. The salt substitutes are solubilized alkaline earth metal-organic complex compositions suitable to promote satisfactory dyeing. Preferably the composition is a mixture of magnesium acetate, magnesium citrate, and magnesium polyacrylate. After dyeing, a shift to alkaline pH in the wastewater treatment process allows for precipitation of the metal and the production of a biodegradable organic anion. The use of the salt compounds of the present invention in place of conventional sodium chloride or sulfate salts prevents the discharge of untreatable toxic wastewater into natural waterways.