Abstract: Denim fabric suitable for use as apparel is made from 40-100% fibers produced from denim waste (pre-consumer and/or post-consumer). The denim waste is collected, starch and size are removed, and it is subjected to garnetting to produce denim fibers, the vast majority of fiber lengths greater than about 0.4 inches, and an average length greater than 0.5 inches. The denim fibers are then opened, and subjected to low-tension carding, as by using a Rieter C-4 card with conveyor belt. The carded denim fibers are spun into filling yarn having a yarn count between about 4.0/1 to 16.0/1, and/or a warp or knitting yarn having a yarn count between about 4.0/1 to 16.0/1. The warp or knitting yarn may be plied with like reclaimed warp yarn, or with virgin fiber warp yarn.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forestalling counterfeiting is disclosed which allows a counterfeit document to be identified relatively easily by an average person. The present invention employs a fluid jet applicator to record a unique, random pattern on each of a set of documents (e.g., paper currency, corporate or government bonds or any other document or important paper). Thus, a fluid jet applicator is controlled to produce a truly unique pattern on a set of original documents. Any counterfeiter who merely copies one (or a number) of the genuine documents would be left with a plurality of identical (i.e., non-unique) documents which may then be readily identified by a recipient as not being genuine.

Abstract: Nylon fibers of cationic-dyeable nylon are dyed with an acid or premetalized acid dye and heatset to impart stain and bleach resistance. Stain and bleach resistant nylon carpets prepared from these fibers are also described.

Abstract: Cotton denim fabrics are treated to enhance abrasion and shade reduction thereby reducing stonewashing time and expense by embrittling the fibers with an acid, heat-activated finish.

Abstract: Aramid and aramid-blend fabrics are dyed or flame-retardant treated or both dyed and flame-retardant treated using conventional heat dyeing equipment. Aliphatic amides capable of swelling the aramid fibers at least 1.5% and having 7 to 14 carbon atoms are used as diffusion-promoting agents for dyes, flame retardent agents or both. Odor-free, flame resistant, colored or colored and highly-flame resistant products result.

Abstract: Aramid fabrics treated with N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone prior to or simultaneously with aqueous print pastes promote fabric printability and produces good coloration. Saturated steam or superheated steam at a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. permeates and fixes the dye inside of the aramid fibers. Print pastes containing N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, dye and thickener are also described.

Abstract: Cellulosic fabrics are rendered flame resistant in a two-step procedure by applying first a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt/urea precondensate ammoniated to crosslink and form an insoluble phosphorus-containing polymer within the fiber structure followed by treatment with a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt. The two-step process using these chemically related phorphorus-containing flame retardants provide sufficient phosphorus in and on the cellulosic fabric to impart a predetermined minimum flame resistance. Cellulosic fabrics, primarily cotton, having flame resistant properties durable to washing yet retaining pliant, nont-stiff hand result.

Abstract: Poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) fabrics are printed and optionally flame retarded in a two-step process in which the dye diffusion promoting agent N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone optionally with a flame retardant is applied following by printing and print fixation.

Abstract: Thermoplastic fabrics are flame retardant treated and optionally heatset and/or simultaneously dyed in a heated flame retardant liquid in which a disperse or acid dye may be dissolved. Flame-resistant fabrics result.

Abstract: Durable press finishes are applied to cellulosic materials such as cotton by cross-linking a polycarboxylic acid within the cellulosic fibers using a cyanamide compound cross-linker devoid of phosphorus. Wrinkle-resistant, durable cellulosic materials free from formaldehyde odor result.

Abstract: Multicolored stain-resistant nylon carpet is prepared by tufting a space dyed cationic-dyeable carpet nylon, dyed with an acid or premetalized dye intermixed and tufted with an acid dyeable nylon and overdyed with an acid dye to selectively dye the acid dyeable fibers but not the already space dyed yarns.

Abstract: Warp and weft yarns are alternately laid one on top of the other and the weft yarns are stitched to provide a woven-like fabric appearance. At least one weft yarn is provided in each stitch course between the stitch loop and the underlap, the stitching forming no part of the interlacing and the woven-like fabric appearance.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for mounting carpet or other floating samples, which are quadrate in configuration and relatively planar and stiff. Each sample is mounted so that first and second side right angled edges intersect at the lowest point of the sample, forming a downwardly facing V. Each of the first and second side edges makes an angle of between about 30-60 degrees with respect to a vertical line, with the sample face outward, the angle preferably being 45 degrees. The diagonal of each sample slopes downwardly from left to right. The samples are preferably mounted in groups, the samples in each group having the same color and preferably also the same shade, with only the top edges and a portion of the face of the samples in each group aside from the outward sample, being visible.

Abstract: Carrier dyeable polyester yarns are space dyed by spraying with water dispersions of disperse dyes without thickeners or carriers followed by a short steaming process and autoclaving to develop the dyes or by a knit-de-knit process of knitting the yarn into socks or tubes which are roller printed with disperse dyestuff, thickener and carrier dissolved in water in various colors followed by steaming, washing, drying and deknitting. The thus produced space dyed yarns are then tufted into area rugs along with undyed yarns of "carrierless" polyester fibers and/or nylon fibers and dyed with a cationic, acid or disperse dye appropriate to the dye receptivity of the undyed yarns while avoiding overdyeing of the space dyed yarns to produce a multicolor piece-dyed area rug.

Abstract: Synthetic textile fibers are dyed in a waterless coloring composition composed of a high-boiling ester solvent and a dye that (a) is soluble to the extent of at least 1.5% in the solvent, (b) provides a depth of coloration, expressed as yield, of at least 25%, (c) imparts to the dyed fibers a lightfastness value of at least 3, and (d) provides the dyed fibers with a washfastness value of at least 3.

Abstract: A fasciated yarn is produced that is suitable for making apparel fabric from predominantly non-thermoplastic staple fibers, and which approaches ring spun yarn in properties and appearance but can be produced much more quickly and simply. The fasciated yarn comprises vacuum spun yarn consisting of fibers including core fibers and wrapper fibers, the wrapper fibers being predominantly individual fibers although having some groups of wrapper fibers. The groups of wrapper fibers appear as non-uniform, non-consistent groupings and provide a relatively smooth appearance. The wrapper fibers are wrapped at a helix angle of about 30.degree. (e.g. about 30.degree.-50.degree.), and about 20-30 percent of the fiber mass comprises the wrapper fibers. The wrappers are essentially devoid of auger or corkscrew appearance. The core fibers are essentially parallel staple fibers. The wrapped and core fibers have the same dyeability.

Abstract: Stain-resistant nylon, especially cationic-dyeable carpet nylon, is prepared by dyeing cationic-dyeable nylon fibers with acid or premetalized dye. Lightfastness and depth of shade of an apparent value equal to acid dyeable nylons is obtained with superior stain resistance equal to commercially available solution dyed nylon carpeting.

Abstract: A drapery fabric sample, or like fabric sample, is displayed in an effective yet simple manner. A drapery fabric sample having unpleated top, bottom, and sides edges is mounted in association with a cantilever arm. The arm is preferably a rectangular configuration plastic arm having a hinge pin at least one end, and a tab surface and side surfaces for receiving the top edge of a drape sample. The arm also preferably includes first and second sections which are mounted for pivotal movement with respect to each other by a vertical hinge. The drape sample, after engaging the tab and side surfaces is wrapped around the arm at least once, and the arm is mounted by a channel which receives the pivot pin(s) so that it extends generally horizontally.

Abstract: Smooth, specular, ductile alloys of a transition metal and phosphorus (particularly nickel phosphorus) are produced. The ductility is such that when the alloy is in the form of a foil having a thickness up to or greater than 1 mil (i.e. greater than can be obtained by splat cooling) it can be formed into a complex geometric shape, such as a helix, without cracking, and has a ductility comparable to at least about 5 percent (possibly even over 10 percent) for a 25 micron foil subjected to the ASTM Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposits. The alloy is deposited on a substrate by electroplating in a bath comprising about 0.5-1.0 molar nickel, about 1.5-3.0 molar phosphorous acid, about 0.1-0.6 molar phosphoric acid, and about 0.0-0.6 molar hydrochloric acid, with chloride ion in the amount of at least 1.25M, and greater than twice as much chloride as nickel.

Abstract: A system of operating room garments including two-component scrub pants with an elastic waist band and elastic bands in the mid-thigh area to define a containment zone between the two and knit cuffs at the ankle area, to be worn under a tabard for maximum protection against bacterial transmission as required and, over both, a surgical gown is worn with barrier panel sleeves and in the chest area extending from the neck to the mid-thigh area. The barrier panel composed of a bacteriostatically-treated polyester/cotton fabric sandwiched between a pair of water repellent, microporous urethane-coated fabrics or high-density woven fabrics, the composite being stitched together. The system provides the choice of garment selection depending upon the surgical procedure involved.