Abstract: This invention relates to a process for enzymic oxidation of a fatty acid to produce an oxidation product in the presence of water and oxygen wherein the fatty acid, water and enzyme for the oxidation are substantially uniformly distributed throughout a porous bed of solid support material in the substantial absence of a continuous liquid phase, oxygen is passed through the porous bed and the oxidation product is recovered from the porous bed. The invention is of particular value for production of methyl ketones from saturated fatty acids.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for enzymic oxidation of a fatty acid to produce an oxidation product in the presence of water and oxygen wherein the fatty acid, water and enzyme for the oxidation are substantially uniformly distributed throughout a porous bed of solid support material in the substantial absence of a continuous liquid phase, oxygen is passed through the porous bed and the oxidation product is recovered from the porous bed. The invention is of particular value for production of methyl ketones from saturated fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions for cleaning a wide range of soil types from dirty articles, such as metal, ceramic or glass substrates. A first class of solvent compositions used for cleaning is an oxidative stable mixture of non-polar aromatic hydrocarbons (p-cymene) and an organic polar component (2-ethylhexanol) for cleaning of low and intermediate polar soils. Alternately, water and surfactant is added to the mixture to form a water-in-oil emulsion for cleaning high polarity soils. A second class of solvent compositions used for cleaning dirty articles is a hydrogenated or dehydrogenated analogue of a terpene compound. The solvent composition is used in a process wherein a dirty article is contacted with the solvent under conditions that result in cleaning the soil type from the article. Residual solvent contamination is removed from the article surface by contacting the contaminated article at an elevated temperature with an aqueous medium and/or a low-boiling solvent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a natural flavor concentrate comprising flavor chemicals derived from a fruit or vegetable juice distillate, wherein the distillate is subjected to reverse osmosis, is disclosed; the distillate is characterized by being substantially free of saccharide and the reverse osmosis is continued until a retentate is obtained that can phase separate, and the retentate is phase separated into an aqueous phase and a substantially anhydrous organic phase which contains a high proportion of the flavor chemicals, and the organic phase is recovered. The natural concentrate derived from the process, which is substantially free of saccharide, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for cleaning a wide range of soil types from dirty articles, such as metal, ceramic or glass substrates. A first class of solvent compositions used for cleaning is an oxidative stable mixture of non-polar aromatic hydrocarbons and an organic polar component for cleaning of low and intermediate polar soils. Alternately, water and surfactant is added to the mixture to form a water-in-oil emulsion for cleaning high polarity soils. A second class of solvent compositions used for cleaning dirty articles is a hydrogenated or dehydrogenated analogue of a terpene compound. The solvent composition is used in a process wherein a dirty article is contacted with the solvent under conditions that result in cleaning the soil type from the article. Residual solvent contamination is removed from the article surface by contacting the contaminated article at an elevated temperature with an aqueous medium and/or a low-boiling solvent.

Abstract: A toilet rinse block is free of para-dichlorobenzene and includes a fragrance alcohol in the form of a metal complex (e.g., citronellol aluminate) that releases the fragrance upon rinsing with water.

Abstract: A liquid composition, suitable for use in an air freshener, comprising a vessel for the composition, an emanating surface and a wick for supplying the liquid to the emanating surface, contains 20 to 70% water, 8 to 30% perfume and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and is substantially free of surface active agent. The compositions show an improved, steady rate of emanation of the perfume.

Abstract: A perfume composition comprises a water immiscible film-forming solution of a perfume in a water immiscible solvent and, substantially homogeneously mixed with the solution, at least one water soluble additive, generally including a foaming agent. The composition can be discharged into a toilet bowl during flushing whereupon the water soluble additives will impart a desired effect to the water in the bowl and the perfume and the solvent will form a film on the water in the bowl after flushing, so as to perfume the room area surrounding the bowl.

Abstract: 3,3-Dimethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5,5] undecane is useful in perfumery compositions. It can be made economically by reaction of cyclohexanone with neopentyl glycol in the presence of an acid, generally paratoluene sulphonic acid, under dehydrating conditions, generally by refluxing with a non-polar solvent.

Abstract: An indane, tetralin or phenyl alcohol is made by a heterogeneous, fast, exothermic Friedel Craft reaction and the reaction mixture is cooled to a temperature at which substantial by-product formation is avoided by continuously utilizing the heat of reaction to boil solvent from the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is generally maintained below atmospheric pressure, typically 20 to 100 mm Hg. The process is of particular value for the production of aryl alcohols by reacting an indane or tetralin with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of 3 (alkyl phenyl) propanals; certain of which are known to be valuable in the perfumery industry. The process enables this group of chemicals to be produced more easily as compared to known processes for their production. In a preferred embodiment in one step of the process the alkylation of the 3 phenyl propanol is carried out under controlled conditions so as to favor the production of para isomer of the product.

Abstract: Compounds having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Z represents a formyl group --CHO or a hydroxyl group or a group OR.sub.1 wherein R.sub.2 represents an acyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, have been discovered to possess attractive fruity-floral odors. They are useful as ingredients of compounded perfumery compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n and m are integers having a value of 1 or 2 and n+m=3 and the dashed line indicates two alternative positions of a unit of unsaturation are novel. They possess attractive spicy odors and are useful as ingredients of compounded perfumery compositions. They are readily prepared by the reaction of methyl iso-amyl ketone and cyano-acetic acid.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group m has a value of 0 or 1, n has a value of 1 or 2 and n+m=2 are novel. They possess unique floral odors and are useful as ingredients of compounded perfumery compositions. Especially valuable are those compounds wherein X is hydrogen and n and m have a value of one.

Abstract: Novel compounds of use in perfumery are obtained by performing a Prins reaction on isolongifolene. They include novel primary and secondary alcohols, their esters and the corresponding aldehydes and ketones.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms are produced by the condensation of the appropriate alkoxylated epoxide with diethyl malonate. The unsaturated compound is formed by the dealkoxylation of an alkoxylated compound. These compounds have attractive fruity-floral type odors and are useful as ingredients of compounded perfumery compositions. The invention also includes perfumery compositions containing at least one of said compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides stable aqueous hop extracts suitable for bittering beer which contain substantially no fixed hop seed oil. The hop extracts consists essentially of potassium isohumulate and between 16% and 72% by weight of water.

Abstract: A compounded perfumery composition comprising component A and component B, component B being from 0.1 to 95% by weight based on the weight of said compounded perfumery composition. Component B comprises at least one compound of the formula wherein R is at least one group selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl or hexyl.

Abstract: A novel method for the production of carboxylic acid esters of perillyl alcohol is provided by the pyrolysis of 1,2 diesters of limonene. The reaction is preferably carried out in the liquid phase at temperatures between 200.degree.C and 260.degree.C. or alternatively in the vapour phase at temperatures between 400.degree.C and 450.degree.C. The perillyl ester is separated from the product mixture formed. It may also be converted to other useful compounds e.g., perillyl alcohol and perillaldehyde and its monoxime. The use of an optically active starting material results in the formation of an optically active product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flavoring agent suitable for addition to fermented beer. The flavoring agent is an aqueous solution of water and potassium isohumulates substantially free from lupulones and fixed essential oils of hops. The invention also provides a method for flavoring beer by adding a hop extract consisting essentially of an aqueous solution containing between about 40% and 60% by weight of potassium isohumulates which are substantially free from lupulones and fixed and essential oils of hops.