Abstract: This invention relates to a process for enzymic oxidation of a fatty acid to produce an oxidation product in the presence of water and oxygen wherein the fatty acid, water and enzyme for the oxidation are substantially uniformly distributed throughout a porous bed of solid support material in the substantial absence of a continuous liquid phase, oxygen is passed through the porous bed and the oxidation product is recovered from the porous bed. The invention is of particular value for production of methyl ketones from saturated fatty acids.

Abstract: A flavor enhancing composition including benzyl benzoate and neryl acetate is provided in accordance with the invention. The flavor enhancing composition can be provided in either solid, i.e. powder, or liquid form and is used to enhance the flavor of mints, gums, candy, oral hygiene products and the like.

Abstract: A jelly-type substance incorporating a water-insoluble color is provided. The colored jelly-type substance can be incorporated in a liquid composition having an acidic pH between about 2.5 and 6.0 and the color will remain incorporated in the jelly-type substance. A liquid composition including the jelly-type substances and a method for incorporating the water-soluble colors in the jelly-type substance are also provided.

Abstract: A method for suspending inclusions in an acidic or alcoholic liquid composition is provided. The method includes the steps of preparing a pre-gel solution including gellan gum in water, providing a liquid composition having inclusions, and incorporating the pre-gel solution into the liquid composition. Alternatively, the liquid composition can be provided without inclusions and the inclusions may be added after the pre-gel solution is incorporated into the liquid composition. Upon standing, the pre-gel solution will cause the inclusions to suspend in the liquid composition. Acidic or alcoholic liquid compositions having suspended particulates or inclusions are also provided.

Abstract: Flavor emulsions prepared by encapsulating a flavoring agent in leucaena gum are disclosed. The flavor emulsions can be used to prepare beverages in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions for cleaning a wide range of soil types from dirty articles, such as metal, ceramic or glass substrates. A first class of solvent compositions used for cleaning is an oxidative stable mixture of non-polar aromatic hydrocarbons (p-cymene) and an organic polar component (2-ethylhexanol) for cleaning of low and intermediate polar soils. Alternately, water and surfactant is added to the mixture to form a water-in-oil emulsion for cleaning high polarity soils. A second class of solvent compositions used for cleaning dirty articles is a hydrogenated or dehydrogenated analogue of a terpene compound. The solvent composition is used in a process wherein a dirty article is contacted with the solvent under conditions that result in cleaning the soil type from the article. Residual solvent contamination is removed from the article surface by contacting the contaminated article at an elevated temperature with an aqueous medium and/or a low-boiling solvent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a natural flavor concentrate comprising flavor chemicals derived from a fruit or vegetable juice distillate, wherein the distillate is subjected to reverse osmosis, is disclosed; the distillate is characterized by being substantially free of saccharide and the reverse osmosis is continued until a retentate is obtained that can phase separate, and the retentate is phase separated into an aqueous phase and a substantially anhydrous organic phase which contains a high proportion of the flavor chemicals, and the organic phase is recovered. The natural concentrate derived from the process, which is substantially free of saccharide, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for cleaning a wide range of soil types from dirty articles, such as metal, ceramic or glass substrates. A first class of solvent compositions used for cleaning is an oxidative stable mixture of non-polar aromatic hydrocarbons and an organic polar component for cleaning of low and intermediate polar soils. Alternately, water and surfactant is added to the mixture to form a water-in-oil emulsion for cleaning high polarity soils. A second class of solvent compositions used for cleaning dirty articles is a hydrogenated or dehydrogenated analogue of a terpene compound. The solvent composition is used in a process wherein a dirty article is contacted with the solvent under conditions that result in cleaning the soil type from the article. Residual solvent contamination is removed from the article surface by contacting the contaminated article at an elevated temperature with an aqueous medium and/or a low-boiling solvent.

Abstract: A toilet rinse block is free of para-dichlorobenzene and includes a fragrance alcohol in the form of a metal complex (e.g., citronellol aluminate) that releases the fragrance upon rinsing with water.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-5 alkyl, R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-5 alkyl, X is selected from hydrogen and --COR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-6 alkyl are useful in room fresheners and other compositions for counteracting malodors in air, wherein the malodors are caused by one or more compounds selected from lower carboxylic acids, thiols, thiophenols, phenols, lower amines, phosphines and arsines. The defined compounds impart little or no fragrance to such compositions but the compositions may include additional fragrances. Particularly valuable and novel compounds are those wherein R.sup.1 is methyl, R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen and methyl and X is --COR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.3 is C.sub.2-6 alkyl.

Abstract: A liquid composition, suitable for use in an air freshener, comprising a vessel for the composition, an emanating surface and a wick for supplying the liquid to the emanating surface, contains 20 to 70% water, 8 to 30% perfume and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and is substantially free of surface active agent. The compositions show an improved, steady rate of emanation of the perfume.

Abstract: A perfume composition comprises a water immiscible film-forming solution of a perfume in a water immiscible solvent and, substantially homogeneously mixed with the solution, at least one water soluble additive, generally including a foaming agent. The composition can be discharged into a toilet bowl during flushing whereupon the water soluble additives will impart a desired effect to the water in the bowl and the perfume and the solvent will form a film on the water in the bowl after flushing, so as to perfume the room area surrounding the bowl.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-5 alkyl, R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-5 alkyl, X is selected from hydrogen and --COR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-6 alkyl are useful in room freshners and other compositions for counteracting malodors in air, wherein the malodors are caused by one or more compounds selected from lower carboxylic acids, thiols, thiophenols, phenols, lower amines, phosphines and arsines. The defined compounds impart little or no fragrance to such compositions but the compositions may include additional fragrances. Particularly valuable and novel compounds are those wherein R.sup.1 is methyl, R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen and methyl and X is --COR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.3 is C.sub.2-6 alkyl.

Abstract: 3,3-Dimethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5,5] undecane is useful in perfumery compositions. It can be made economically by reaction of cyclohexanone with neopentyl glycol in the presence of an acid, generally paratoluene sulphonic acid, under dehydrating conditions, generally by refluxing with a non-polar solvent.

Abstract: An indane, tetralin or phenyl alcohol is made by a heterogeneous, fast, exothermic Friedel Craft reaction and the reaction mixture is cooled to a temperature at which substantial by-product formation is avoided by continuously utilizing the heat of reaction to boil solvent from the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is generally maintained below atmospheric pressure, typically 20 to 100 mm Hg. The process is of particular value for the production of aryl alcohols by reacting an indane or tetralin with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of 3 (alkyl phenyl) propanals; certain of which are known to be valuable in the perfumery industry. The process enables this group of chemicals to be produced more easily as compared to known processes for their production. In a preferred embodiment in one step of the process the alkylation of the 3 phenyl propanol is carried out under controlled conditions so as to favor the production of para isomer of the product.

Abstract: The reaction between particular styrenes and particular alkenes to produce alkyl substituted indanes has been discovered to give improved yields when phosphoric acid is used as the catalyst. The catalyst is readily separated from the organic products at the end of the reaction and can be used repeatedly to catalyze further reactions. The product further comprises novel adducts of the alkene and styrene which are converted into the desired isochroman products when the indanes are used as intermediates in the production of isochromans.

Abstract: Organic hydroxy compounds such as geraniol are prepared by electrochemical reduction of a corresponding substituted hydroxylamine, typically in a cell wherein the catholyte comprises a solvent and a protonating agent as well as the substituted hydoxy cycloamine and is separated from the anolyte by a membrane, the anolyte preferably containing an aqueous strong mineral acid.

Abstract: Compounds having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Z represents a formyl group --CHO or a hydroxyl group or a group OR.sub.1 wherein R.sub.2 represents an acyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, have been discovered to possess attractive fruity-floral odors. They are useful as ingredients of compounded perfumery compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A, B, C individually represent hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that the total combined number of carbon atoms of A, B and C does not exceed 8;X represents oxygen, sulfur, ##STR2## wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms or ##STR3## wherein R and R' represent hydrogen or a methyl group; n represents 1 or 2; andZ represents a hydroxyalkyl group of 2 to 7 carbon atomshave been found to be useful in compositions and methods for counteracting malodors.