Abstract: There is provided a method and corresponding systems and computer-programs for evaluating and/or adapting one or more technical models related to an industrial and/or technical process. The method comprises obtaining a fully or partially acausal modular parameterized model of an industrial and/or technical process comprising at least one physical sub-model and at least one neural network sub-model, including one or more parameters of the parameterized model. The method further comprises generating a system of differential equations based on the parameterized model, and simulating the dynamics of one or more states of the industrial and/or technical process over time based on the system of differential equations. The method also comprises applying reverse-mode automatic differentiation with respect to the system of differential equations when simulating the industrial and/or technical process in order to generate an estimate representing an evaluation of the model of the industrial and/or technical process.