Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device that can include a lower interconnection on a substrate and at least one upper interconnection disposed on the lower interconnection. At least one gate structure can be disposed between the upper interconnection and the lower interconnection, where the gate structure can include a plurality of gate lines that are vertically stacked so that each of the gate lines has a wiring portion that is substantially parallel to an upper surface of the substrate and a contact portion that extends from the wiring portion along a direction penetrating an upper surface of the substrate. At least one semiconductor pattern can connect the upper and lower interconnections.

Abstract: A Hybrid Cross-Layer Routing (HCLR) protocol designed and implemented based on the premise of being able to leverage a pair of proactive and reactive routing schemes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) which is used to compensate against wireless link effects thereby allowing for making more intelligent routing decisions. Compared to standalone proactive or reactive routing protocols, HCLR provides a two-tier improvement logic by performing local on-demand search in an n-hop neighborhood utilizing a 2-tuple cross-layer routing metric. HCLR is implemented in a Linux Quagga suite and its performance improvements compared to OSPF MANET Designated Routing (MDR) through emulation studies is demonstrated.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to adhesives and particularly to reversible adhesives. This disclosure further relates to generally adhesive articles and particularly to wound dressings comprising such adhesives. The adhesive comprises a core and a shell comprising at least two components. One of the components of the shell comprises a polymer formed by reacting a monomer of a thermally reversible polymer and the other component comprises a polymer formed by reacting a monomer of a polymer of a pressure sensitive adhesive. The wound dressing comprises a substrate and the reversible adhesive, forming a reversible wound dressing. Such wound dressings are particularly suitable for treatment of damaged sensitive tissue, for example wounds formed on a fragile skin.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of treating T-cell mediated diseases or disorders in human or animal subjects, such as autoimmune diseases and chronic graft versus host disease in humans and animals. In particular, the methods comprise administering to the human or animal patient a pharmaceutical composition comprising a ryanodine receptor inhibitor.

Abstract: Direct growth of black Ge on low-temperature substrates, including plastics and rubber is reported. The material is based on highly dense, crystalline/amorphous core/shell Ge nanoneedle arrays with ultrasharp tips (˜4 nm) enabled by the Ni catalyzed vapor-solid-solid growth process. Ge nanoneedle arrays exhibit remarkable optical properties. Specifically, minimal optical reflectance (<1%) is observed, even for high angles of incidence (˜75°) and for relatively short nanoneedle lengths (˜1 ?m). Furthermore, the material exhibits high optical absorption efficiency with an effective band gap of ˜1 eV. The reported black Ge can have important practical implications for efficient photovoltaic and photodetector applications on nonconventional substrates.

Abstract: A system with a nonstatistical translation component integrated with a statistical translation component engine. The same corpus may be used for training the statistical engine and also for determining when to use the statistical engine and when to use the translation component. This training may use probabilistic techniques. Both the statistical engine and the translation components may be capable of translating the same information, however the system determines which component to use based on the training. Retraining can be carried out to add additional components, or when after additional translator training.

Abstract: Sunscreen compositions containing an extract of Curcuma longa L. are provided, the sunscreens having an absorption that spans the UVA and UVB ranges in a manner that meets updated FDA recommendations without requiring the addition of titanium dioxide. The sunscreens can also include an extraction solvent that is at least substantially non-toxic and useful also as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in liquid dosage forms. Microemulsions and nanoemulsions are also provided to enhance the bioavailability and stability of the extracts in the sunscreens.

Abstract: A novel gene (EPM2A) that is deleted or mutated in people with Lafora's disease is described. The EPM2A gene encodes a protein having an active catalytic site of a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Many different sequence mutations as well as several microdeletions in EPM2A have been found that co-segregate with Lafora's disease.

Abstract: Methods and devices for biological sample preparation and analysis are disclosed. A device may have a linear or circular arrangement of containers, with a connecting structure such as a bar or disk. Fluidics channels between containers allow the performance of different techniques for sample preparation, such as lysing, washing and elution. Different functional elements, such as grinders or mixers, may be attached to the containers.

Abstract: Methods and devices for biological sample preparation and analysis are disclosed. A device may have a circular arrangement of containers, with a connecting structure such as a disk. Fluidics channels between containers allow the performance of different techniques for sample preparation, such as lysing, washing and elution. The device may be pen-shaped and have a sample drawing needle connected to the containers.

Abstract: A three-coil electromagnetic induction power transfer system is disclosed for epiretinal prostheses and other implants. A third, buffer coil is disposed between an external transmitting coil and a receiver coil buried within the body to improve efficiency and robustness to misalignments. One or more of the coils can be manufactured using micromechanical machining techniques to lay out conductors in a ribbon of biocompatible insulator, folding lengths of the insulated conductor traces longitudinally over one another, and then spiraling them into a ring. The traces change axial position in the ring by shifting across fold lines. One or more U-shaped sections on the traces can be folded so that adjacent traces can project opposite one another, lengthening the resulting ribbon that can be wound into a coil.

Abstract: In one embodiment, multiple content-addressable memory entries are associated with each other to effectively form a batch content-addressable memory entry that spans multiple physical entries of the content-addressable memory device. To match against this content-addressable memory entry, multiple lookup operations are required—i.e., one lookup operation for each combined physical entry. Further, one embodiment provides that a batch content-addressable memory entry can span one, two, three, or more physical content-addressable memory entries, and batch content-addressable memory entries of varying sizes could be programmed into a single content-addressable memory device. Thus, a lookup operation might take two lookup iterations on the physical entries of the content-addressable memory device, with a next lookup operation taking a different number of lookup iterations (e.g., one, three or more).

Abstract: A specific clinical protocol for use toward therapy of defective, diseased and damaged neurons in the mammalian brain, of particular usefulness for treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The protocol is practiced by delivering a definite concentration of recombinant neurotrophin, such as glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor), into a targeted region of the brain (such as the substantia nigra) using a lentiviral expression vector. The neurotrophin is delivered to, or within close proximity of, identified defective, diseased or damaged brain cells. The concentration of neurotrophin delivered as part of a neurotrophic composition varies from 1010 to 1015 neurotrophin encoding viral particles/ml of composition fluid. Each delivery site receives from 2.5 ?l to 25 ?l of neurotrophic composition, delivered slowly, as in over a period of time ranging upwards of 10 minutes/delivery site.

Abstract: A Hall thruster apparatus having walls constructed from a conductive material, such as graphite, and having magnetic shielding of the walls from the ionized plasma has been demonstrated to operate with nearly the same efficiency as a conventional non-magnetically shielded design using insulators as wall components. The new design is believed to provide the potential of higher power and uniform operation over the operating life of a thruster device.

Abstract: An optical phased array includes, in part, a multitude of optical signal emitters and a multitude of optical signal phase/delay elements each associated with and disposed between a different pair of the optical signal emitters. Each optical signal phase/delay element is adapted to cause a phase/delay shift between the optical signals emitted from its associated pair of optical signal emitters. Each optical signal phase/delay element is optically a ring resonator that includes a p-i-n junction. By varying the bias applied to the p-i-n junction, the phase/delay generated by the ring resonator is varied. Furthermore, each optical signal emitter is optionally an optical grating having a multitude of grooves. The groove lengths of the optical gratings are optionally selected so as to increase along the direction of travel of the input optical signal through the optical phase array.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for increasing sialic acid uptake and/or incorporation into tissue following gastrointestinal ingestion of compositions that contain sialic acid.

Abstract: Methods of making safe extracts of Curcuma longa L. are provided. The processes provided include methods that use an extraction solvent that is at least substantially non-toxic and useful also as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in liquid dosage forms. The processes can produce a significantly higher yield from a single extraction than the state-of-the-art processes. For example, liquid dosage forms can be produced directly from the extraction process without requiring removal of the extraction solvent, reducing complexity and cost of processing over the state-of-the-art. Methods of making microemulsions and nanoemulsions are also provided to enhance the bioavailability and stability of the extracts.

Abstract: A preferred method of accuracy configuration with an approximate adder receives two input operands and generates a first approximate adder output with a plurality of sub-adders having a first accuracy under a first condition. Error detection and correction is selectively enabled to generate a next approximate adder output having a second accuracy that is higher than the first accuracy under a second condition. In preferred embodiments, a pipelined architecture provides selectable stages and the enablement of each successive stage provides a high level of accuracy. Power gated control can achieve enablement of error correction stages to conserve power.

Abstract: Highly potent dendritic cells are generated in vivo or ex vivo by exposing precursor cells to an effective dose of IL-32.

Abstract: A new and distinct Persea americana variety having strong tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi when used as a rootstock. It is an extremely vigorous and fast-growing rootstock that is capable of supporting a ‘Hass’ tree growing to 15 ft. in 2 years. It's yields are generally high and consistent. ‘Uzi’ leaves exhibit burn due to salt damage, but this does not seem to affect the growth or yield of the ‘Hass’ variety.