Abstract: Disclosed herein are modified saponins or fractions thereof obtainable by modification of a crude Quillaja saponaria extract or by modification of purified saponins obtainable from a crude Quillaja saponaria extract useful in pharmaceutical compositions for enhancing the transport of pharmacologically active substances across mucous membranes of an animal. Also disclosed are modified saponins having reduced irritability wherein the aldehyde group is reduced and the fatty acid moiety may be removed by hydrolysis. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the modified saponins of the invention.

Abstract: Saponin/antigen conjugates and the use thereof for enhancing immune responses in individuals are disclosed. The saponins may be substantially pure or mixtures of saponins.

Abstract: The invention provides Baculovirus vectors comprised of a promoter upstream from a signal peptide. The Baculovirus vectors allow for the expression of a glycosylated protein in the late term of Baculovirus infection. Methods for the construction of such a Baculovirus vector are also provided. In addition, methods for producing large amounts of a desired glycosylated protein in the late term infection of Baculovirus infection are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are modified saponins or fractions thereof obtainable by modification of a crude Quillaja saponaria extract or by modification of purified saponins obtainable from a crude Quillaja saponaria extract useful in pharmaceutical compositions for enhancing the transport of pharmacologically active substances across mucous membranes of an animal. Also disclosed are modified saponins having reduced irritability wherein the aldehyde group is reduced and the fatty acid moiety may be removed by hydrolysis. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the modified saponins of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to antigenic preparations useful for inducing the production of antibodies in a cat which will bind to epitopes on feline leukemia virus. Also disclosed are immunogenic compositions and methods for immunizing a cat to enable the production of antibodies to feline leukemia virus.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing the transport of pharmacologically active substances across mucous membranes of an animal by administration of pharmaceutical compositions comprising modified saponins or fractions thereof obtainable by modification of a crude Quillaja saponaria extract or by modification of purified saponins obtainable from a crude Quillaja saponaria extract. Also disclosed are modified saponins having reduced irritability wherein the fatty acid moiety is removed by hydrolysis or the aldehyde group is reduced. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the modified saponins of the invention.

Abstract: A capillary flow device useful in double capture assays, such as double capture immunoassays, and a double capture assay. The capillary flow device comprises a capillary track, a sample receptacle, a particle collecting means and, optionally, a magnet and a particle concentrator. The assay method is useful for determining any analyte of interest for which there is a specific binding partner.

Abstract: Substantially pure saponins are disclosed. The saponins of the present invention are useful as immune adjuvants. Disclosed as well are immune response-provoking compositions comprising an antigen in admixture with the substantially pure saponins.