Abstract: This invention is concerned with an apparatus and a method for the introduction of vaporizable samples into an apparatus for the analysis of such samples, such as a gas chromatograph, and especially a capillary gas chromatograph and ion mobility spectrometer. A sample is vaporized or desorbed from a sample tube by heating the sample tube and then transferred by a carrier gas to the analytical apparatus by being withdrawn from the sample tube along and condensed on the inner surface of a heat conductive metal walled needle of a hypodermic syringe from which it is then vaporized and introduced into the analytical apparatus. Suitable samples may also be introduced into an ion mobility spectrometer directly by placing a sample-charged sample tube into a sample-introduction port thereto.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with controlling weldpool penetration during root pass welding in an open butt joint defined in a workpiece to be welded by a welding torch with a welding wire being continuously fed from the welding torch to the joint to form a weldpool penetrating the joint, the workpiece and welding torch being movable relative to one another. A visual sensor is positioned ahead of the welding torch and in alignment with the joint for frontly viewing the weldpool at an angle of about 10.degree. to about 20.degree. relative to a line tangent to the workpiece at the weldpool, to thereby provide a full image of the weldpool defining a weldpool contour line, the sensor and welding torch being disposed on a common side relative to the workpiece.

Abstract: An electrochemical reactor is provided with spaced apart anode and cathode monopolar electrodes. At least one bipolar electrode, and preferably a plurality of bipolar electrodes, are disposed between the monopolar electrodes. Each bipolar electrode has a plurality of openings therethrough occupying a suitable surface area thereof, such that gas disengagement from one side of the electrode is facilitated by passage of such gas through the openings therein to the other side of the electrodes. Such a cell is particularly useful in production of peroxide by electroreduction of oxygen. Such an arrangement allows relatively high superficial current densities to be used, as well as permitting use of gas impermeable separators (e.g. diaphragms or membranes) disposed adjacent the bipolar electrodes.

Abstract: Photoconductors with channels that lie in the surface depleted region of a GaAs structure are described. These devices have nanoampere bias current, and exhibit photoconductive gain. In contrast to other photoconductors, their low frequency responsivity is of the same order as that in the GHz region, alleviating problems of equalization necessary in receiver applications. As well, these devices exhibit over 60 dB isolation as optoelectronic switches.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing to a smaller size residue or debris left behind after a tree processing or harvesting operation wherein the debris is dropped into a vertical assembly having a first reduction stage followed by a second reduction stage and below which there is mounted a fan or other conveyor means for delivering the reduced size of particles to a collecting container or other area. Being vertically oriented, there is self feeding from one unit to another and on the initial reduction unit, if desired, other impeller means can be utilized for infeeding the material to the cutters. The apparatus may be permanently mounted at a suitable location or, alternatively be mounted on a self-propelled mobile vehicle, movable from one location or another, and towing a trailer having a chip collecting container mounted thereon.

Abstract: A diversity receiving system for differential detection of minimum shift key (MSK) signals. The system may be advantageously implemented in order to realize high quality mobile satellite communication systems where shadowing is a significant problem and channel bandwidth and power are constrained. Signals from each of a plurality of receiving branches are translated to different intermediate frequencies which differ from each other by multiples of the transmitted signal symbol rate. The intermediate frequency signals are summed and detected via a common differential detector, the latter being followed by a low pass filter having a bandwidth corresponding to a fraction of the symbol rate. The plural signals are easily and stabely combined at an intermediate frequency stage without phase adjusters, signal quality measurement circuits or switching controllers.

Abstract: A combination lock having two or more disks and a cam which includes a drive pin for driving an adjacent disk which, in turn, drives the next disk. The disks have pins adapted to be received in apertures in two or more disks, known as wheel gates, the disks and the cam can be moved inwardly. In this position, a notch on the cam engages a nose on a drop lever which is in turn connected to the locking bolt. Rotation of the cam in one direction will then move the bolt to the unlocked position.

Abstract: An optical mixing/demixing device is provided comprising a series of solid, light transmitting blocks, each having opposed, front and rear parallel, planar faces, coated with optical interference multilayer coatings, and first and second light transmitting faces arranged one on each side of the front planar face. The blocks are packed side by side with a precision, light expanding and collimating lens on the first light transmitting face and further, similar precision lenses on each of the second light transmitting faces. The first and second light transmitting faces may also be coated with optical interference multilayer coatings that are pass band filters.

Abstract: The apparatus relates to a jet pump or apparatus which displaces a main fluid by a pressurized driving liquid. The apparatus has a duct to receive the main fluid, and a driving liquid manifold cooperating with the duct to receive the pressurized driving liquid. First and second sets of inwardly facing jet nozzles are disposed adjacent a transverse plane of the duct and penetrate the duct side walll to pass the driving liquid into the duct at a mixing portion of the duct having a constant cross-sectional area. The first and second sets of jet nozzles are inclined at angles to the duct axis so that the first nozzles are inclined at a greater angle than the second nozzles. Efficiency of the pump is improved by admitting pressurized gas into the duct and providing the pump with a diverging outlet portion to act as diffuser.

Abstract: The electrostatic conveyor consists of a duct having an inlet and an outlet, and apparatus for generating travelling, curvilinear, AC fields along the length of the duct. Charged particles, of conductive or non-conductive materials, under electrostatic forces, are exposed to unidirectional, centrifugal forces so that they are moved along the duct from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: An optoelectronic assembly for converting a signal between optical and electrical form, or vice versa, consists of a dielectric substrate and a semiconductor substrate. These substrates are fabricated separately and then brought together with major faces in intimate contact with each other. The dielectric substrate has a pair of metallic electrodes on its surface and a waveguide extending to a coupling region. The semiconductor substrate has an active optoelectronic device, e.g. a photodetector or light emitting device, whose optically active portion is brought into optically coupling relationship with the coupling region of the waveguide. At the same time electrically contacting regions of the optoelectronic device are placed in electrical contact with respective ones of the pair of metallic electrodes on the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method and apparatus for concentration of vapors present in trace quantities in the atmosphere in a continuous and rapid manner. It relates especially to a device to enhance the concentration of trace vapors to such a level that they may be more readily analyzed by appropriate instrumentation. This is of considerable value in connection with the detection of certain vapors which are associated with explosive devices and bombs. These are of considerable importance now in connection with security at airports and the like.

Abstract: A railroad switch, snow deflecting apparatus is described in which air is fed through conduits to primary nozzles for directing air along the rails and towards the switch points to a position adjacent the apex of the switch. Secondary nozzles are spaced from the primary nozzles and behind the switch points so as to direct air along and between movable rails of the railway switch, and in the same direction as air from the primary nozzles to maintain the railway switch operationally free of snow.

Abstract: An optoelectronic switching matrix which can be configured to form a variety of signal processing elements, such as a digital switched filter, a digital word generator, a programmable bandpass filter, programmable delay, etc. Optical or electronic delay apparatus is connected between output and input ports of the matrix, and can be switched to provide delays or resonant loops. A versatile signal translation element is thus realized.

Abstract: A process for producing cheddar cheese having accelerated ripening properties. The process involves using a ripening aid which is a protease derived from the psychrotrophic flora of raw milk, and preferably from the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens. The ripening aid is added to the milk starting material prior to or simultaneously with the treatment with a coagulant (renneting agent) and it remains in the cheese product and enhances the development of desirable flavor during the aging (ripening) of the cheese.

Abstract: A method of converting a feed solid polycrystalline of .beta. alumina into a hydronium conductor requires the preselection of an appropriate feed ceramic preferably with a chemical formula;(Na.sub.0.6 K.sub.0.4).sub.2 O (3 w/o MgO).beta./.beta."Al.sub.2 O.sub.3and with a f(.beta.) of 0.37.+-.0.03wherein ##EQU1## The crystallographic lattice is altered by placing the solid feed ceramic in an ionic solution or melt containing two or more ionic species of different ionic radii; the composition of the melt or solution being written: M.sub.1, M.sub.2 (M.sub.3 . . . ) X where M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 (and M.sub.3 etc.) are ions of dissimilar size and as examples sodium, potassium, lithium and hydronium ions. After a time the material is removed, washed and subjected to a field effect exchange whereby the desired hydronium conducting solid ceramic having the following chemical composition is achieved;(H.sub.3 O.sub.a.sup.+ /Na.sub.b.sup.+ /K.sub.c.sup.+).sub.2 O Z.beta./.beta."Al.sub.2 O.sub.3where (a)(b)(c)=0.fwdarw.

Abstract: A control switch system for a railway switch heater with an environment probe near the switch and controlling switching on and off of the switch heater in a predetermined mode.

Abstract: A detector for charged particles, i.e. secondary electons ir ions emitted from a bombardment area of a specimen in an instrument such as a scanning electron microscope or analytical instrument, consists of a collector, e.g. a scintillation surface highly charged with a voltage of the opposite polarity from that of the particles, for receiving the particles and providing an output proportional to the number thereof. A grid, charged with a voltage of the same sign as the scintillation surface, but to a lower value, is located between the scintillation surface and the bombardment area, and a probe in the form of a wire electrically connected to the grid projects into the vicinity of the bombardment area which is in a confined space between the specimen and the instrument. The result is to set up an electrostatic field around the wire, causing a significant number of the charged particles to orbit the wire and travel to the scintillation surface.

Abstract: The density of polyethylene is determined by measuring the velocity of ultrasound through the material. The determination of density is based on the correlation between the velocity of ultrasound in semi-crystalline materials and their density, and involves the measurement of time delays of a transmitted ultrasonic pulse from each of the front surface of the material the rear surface of the material and a reflector which are immersed in a liquid. Operating within a selected frequency range provides measurements of density while eliminating viscoelastic effects.

Abstract: A traction device using grooveless traction rollers. An angled roller mounting arrangement allows a number of line wraps to traverse back and forth across the rollers, following the spooling on the storage reel without the aid of a fairlead system for deployment. The device provides for automatic separation of successive line wraps on the rollers to eliminate snagging of connectors or accessories attached to the line.