Abstract: A substrate holder which has an electrostatic chuck on a substrate holding side of a holder main body and electrostatically adsorbs a substrate includes: a heating unit which is built in the electrostatic chuck and heats the substrate; a circulation medium distribution path which is formed inside the holder main body and connected to a circulation medium supplying unit which circulates and supplies a circulation medium; a heat transference varying unit which is formed by sealing a heat transfer gas in a gap between the holder main body and the electrostatic chuck and connected to a heat transfer gas supply system which can control a sealing pressure; and a gas sealing unit which is formed by sealing a heat transfer gas in a gap between the electrostatic chuck and the substrate and connected to the heating transfer gas supply system.