Abstract: High-contrast exposure is performed by use of a small dose of electron beams, a pattern is formed on a wafer with high accuracy, and high-precision inspection is performed. In pattern formation, proximity effect correction processing is performed. Moreover, exposure of electron beams is performed based on a result of filtering using an inverse characteristic of exposure characteristics of the electron beams. Furthermore, in pattern inspection, electron beams are irradiated based on a result of filtering for obtaining a peripheral region of an edge of the pattern formed.

Abstract: High-contrast exposure is performed by use of a small dose of electron beams, a pattern is formed on a wafer with high accuracy, and high-precision inspection is performed. In pattern formation, proximity effect correction processing is performed. Moreover, exposure of electron beams is performed based on a result of filtering using an inverse characteristic of exposure characteristics of the electron beams. Furthermore, in pattern inspection, electron beams are irradiated based on a result of filtering for obtaining a peripheral region of an edge of the pattern formed.

Abstract: In the present invention, vector data developing unit, ends separating unit, overlap removing unit and bitmapped data generating unit are sequentially connected in order to make pipeline processing. In addition, data of each raster is orderly arranged as a unit so that each processor can process data of each raster at a time. Each processor can make the pipeline processing to fast generate data. In addition, small-scale circuits can be used to realize the system because each raster can be processed as a unit of processing. Moreover, since data is orderly arranged before being processed, multi-valued bitmapped data can be generated in the order of drawing. Therefore, the drawing operation and data generating operation can be performed in parallel without use of any large-scale storage device.

Abstract: In detection of noise by comparing a digital input image signal and an output image signal in one previous frame with each other, when the input image signal, the output image signal in one previous frame, and a predetermined reference value are represented by a, b, and x, respectively, and when |a?b|?x and a?b?1 are satisfied, the presence of noise is determined.

Abstract: A fluorescent compound, suitable for use in an active layer of an organic light-emitting device and exhibiting both good luminescence and excellent thermal stability, which has the structure wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; wherein Ar2 is optionally present; and wherein Ar1, Ar2, and Ar3 are independently each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

Abstract: An evacuation use sample chamber is constituted by a top table 21 which is provided with a recessed portion disposed in a sample chamber main body 10 and for mounting a sample 8 and a groove portion surrounding the recessed portion; a stage 20 which holds the top table 21 and is displaceable in front and back, right and left and up and down directions together with the top table 21; a sample chamber cover 11 which covers above the sample chamber main body 10 including the top table 21; and an evacuation use pipe 21C which communicates with the groove portion and evacuates gas between the bottom face of the sample chamber cover 11 and the top face of the top table 21 including the sample 8. Thereby, an evacuation use sample chamber which performs a stable evacuation and keeps around a sample at a predetermined high vacuum and a circuit pattern forming apparatus which permits a highly accurate pattern drawing over the entire region of the sample are provided.

Abstract: A process of displaying images on output displays, incompatible with the input format, is disclosed. In particular, a process of displaying RGB input on a screen having Red, Green, Blue and White bi-level pixel elements defines a convex hull of the output points and maps the input data into the convex hull. Those values are moved outside the convex hull so that they lie on the surface of the convex hull and the mapped values are halftoned to produce output pixel elements corresponding to an approximation of the input pixels.

Abstract: An arrangement for sharpening the resolution of printed text in a color printing system is disclosed. An image processing system (1) includes a color conversion apparatus (2) for converting from one color space (RBG) to another color space (CMYK) for display on a color printer (8). The color conversion apparatus (2) includes a near-black correction unit (36) which detects near black-near white and near white-near, black transistions and when such a transition occurs, outputs a full,or deep black color in place of the near-black color.

Abstract: A color display system that is capable of taking input intended to be displayed on a full color display (e.g. VDU) having a high refresh rate and displaying the image on a display having a much reduced number of displayable colors and a lower refresh rate. 24-bit RGB data is input and converted into bi-level RGBW data and halftoned in a render unit for storage before display. Motion detection is used to ensure that only those pixels that have change in value are updated on the display.

Abstract: A method and system for storing and selectively retrieving information, such as words, from a document set. The method includes generating an image data set representative of the information contained in the document set. The method also involves generating a text data set representative of a text portion of the information contained in the document set. A text-image correspondence (TIC) table is generated that includes data representative of coordinates information corresponding to each phrase of the document set. A search phrase is identified in response to user-specified search criteria and the search phrase is identified in the text image data set. Then, the TIC table is used to identify the coordinates information corresponding to the search phrase identified in the text data set. A display of the portion of the page containing the search phrase is generated using the coordinates information.

Abstract: An OCR system 10 classifies an input image vector of an unclassified symbol with respect to a library 14T of template image vectors of pre-classified characters. Each template vector is in the form of a sequence of elements representing the image intensity level of a pixel within the character defined by that template vector. Each template element is part of the image background, foreground, or transition ground between the background and foreground. Each input vector, like the template vectors, is also in the form of a sequence of elements. However, in the input vector, each element represents the sum or an image intensity level signal component defining the symbol within the image of the unclassified symbol plus a greyscale noise component. Each input element is also part of the background, foreground, or transition ground. The input vector and at least one of the template vectors are entered into a classifier device 18.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for suppressing noise and an input image having a plurality of pixels, each of the pixels in the plurality of pixels having a range of possible values between at least two extremities. A first group of pixels is determined, each pixel of the first group having a value that is less than a predetermined amount from the value of at least one of the extremities. The values of pixels adjacent to each pixel in the first group are examined to determine if the adjacent pixels are also members of the first group and, when a predetermined number of the pixels adjacent to a pixel in the first group are also members of the first group, reassigning the pixel value of that pixel in the first group and each of its adjacent pixels to have the value of at least one of the extremities.

Abstract: Pattern recognition, for instance optical character recognition, is achieved by forming a skeletal representation (400) of a pattern (300), processing the skeletal diagram (400) to improve representation of curved lines (308) in the pattern (300), representing the processed skeletal diagram (500) by a connectivity matrix (602), and finding a minimum spectral distance between the connectivity matrix (602) and a set of template matrices corresponding to known patterns.

Abstract: An automated storyboard system, which is updated for the creation of information sequences. The storyboard includes an array of cells arranged in columns, with the content of each cell indicating an information source having a certain active duration. For each column of the storyboard which contains active cells a determination is made as to which of the cells contains an information source having a shortest one of the active durations. The column is marked to have a column time duration of the cell of shortest active duration, with the cell of the shortest active duration being terminated at the end of the column. When other active cells exist for the column, a further column is added next to the column, with the further column containing the other active cells. The active cells have an updated active duration which is equal to their previous active duration less the column time duration.

Abstract: A digital telephone (60) comprises send equipment (40) and receive equipment (50), coupled via a signal splitter/combiner (61) onto a digital telephone line (62) for communication with a remote party (90). The send equipment (40) comprises an A-law map (12) and a mu-law map (43). Receive equipment (50) comprises an inverse A-law map (14) and an inverse mu-law map (52). Maps (12,43) are selectable by the user (80). Similarly, inverse maps (14,52) are also selectable by the user (80). Each of send equipment (40) and receive equipment (50) may further comprise an un-quick-fix module (45) for removing unwanted insertions of quick fixes (25) inserted into the telephone line (62) by international telephone companies. Receive equipment (50) may further comprise a digital signal processor (57), computer (56), a set of prestored templates (58) corresponding to possible incoming telephone characteristics, and a caller parameter decipher module (51).

Abstract: Pattern recognition, for instance optical character recognition, is achieved by training a neural network, scanning an image, segmenting the image to detect a pattern, preprocessing the detected pattern, and applying the preprocessed detected pattern to the trained neural network. The preprocessing includes determining a centroid of the pattern and centrally positioning the centroid in a frame containing the pattern. The training of the neural network includes randomly displacing template patterns within frames before applying the template patterns to the neural network.

Abstract: Method and system for selectively retrieving information contained in a stored document set using a metric-based or "fuzzy" finite-state non-deterministic automaton. An automaton is constructed (501) corresponding to a text string query, text strings are read (502) from storage and corresponding dissimilarity values are generated (505). Those strings resulting in values less than a given threshold are recorded (508) and listed for the user. Dissimilarity values are determined based on penalties associated with missing characters, extra characters, incorrect characters, and other differences between the text string query and a text string read from storage.

Abstract: Method and system for selectively retrieving information contained in a stored document set using a non-literal, or "fuzzy", search strategy. A text string query is transmitted (200) to a computer processor, and a dissimilarity value D.sub.i is assigned (208) to selected ones of stored text strings representative of information contained in a stored document set, based upon a first set of rules (106). A set of retrieved text strings representative of stored information and related to the text string query is generated (212), based upon a second set of rules (107). Each of the retrieved text strings has an associated dissimilarity value D.sub.i, which is a function of at least one rule R.sub.n from the first set of rules (106) used to retrieve the text string and a weight value w.sub.n associated with that rule R.sub.n. The retrieved text strings are displayed (216) preferably in an order based on their associated dissimilarity value D.sub.i.

Abstract: Display standards in common use for the display of computer or television images on high resolution displays, commonly assume that the output image will be displayed on a output device having a high refresh rate. A high refresh rate is normally required to avoid the viewer observing flicker, stilted motion or other visual artifacts if a lower refresh rate were used. It is difficult to drive a high resolution Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display at a high refresh rate. The subject apparatus is provided for using the memory function characteristics of such a display and driving such a display at a slower refresh rate while still maintaining the appearance of a device having a higher refresh rate by refreshing those portions of the screen where motion has been detected at a high rate and only occasionally refreshing the whole screen.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a high quality image from a digital video signal includes a system for gamma correcting the digital video signal with a digital look up table and for converting the resultant digital signal to an analog video signal. Another circuit generates a triangular wave reference pattern signal and a comparator compares the analog video signal with the triangular wave reference pattern signal to form a pulse-width-modulated signal. A raster scanning print engine producing, for example, a laser beam, scans over a recording medium in accordance with the pulse-width-modulated signal, thereby forming an image of high quality on the recording medium of a print engine. This apparatus can also be used with an analog video signal by first converting the analog video signal to a digital video signal with an analog to digital converter.