Abstract: This invention has an object to process color balance adjustment at high speed in an image forming apparatus without depending on different feeding speeds for different printing materials. To accomplish this, an image forming apparatus of the invention detects color balances while a printing material on which toner patches are formed is fed on a second feeding path. Since images are formed on different types of printing materials at different feeding speeds, the image forming apparatus of the invention processes color balance adjustment at high speed without depending on the feeding speed at the time of image formation by switching the feeding speed on the feeding path.

Abstract: A scanning exposure apparatus includes an optical system which projects a pattern of an original onto a substrate, a stage which holds the substrate and moves in a scanning direction perpendicular to an optical axis of said optical system, a measurement system which measures a position, in a direction of the optical axis, of a surface region of the substrate, and a control system which performs feedback control of a position of said stage by generating data of a target position, in the direction of the optical axis, of said stage based on data of the position of the surface region measured by said measurement system, and performs feedforward control of the position of said stage by adding data of a surface shape of the substrate obtained in advance to the data of the target position, while moving said stage in the scanning direction.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a heater and a film movable together with a recording material carrying an image so that the image on the recording material is heated by heat from the heater through the film. A guiding member guides a surface of the film that contacts the heater, and the guiding member has a surface with projections effective to reduce a contact area between the guiding surface and the film. In addition, a lubricant is supplied between the guiding surface and the film so as to reduce frictional contact.