Abstract: An image processing apparatus and method is provided and includes one or more processors and one or more memory devices that store instructions. When the instructions are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors are configured to perform operations including obtaining a first image which is obtained by capturing based on a first shooting parameter, generating, by image processing on the first image, a second image corresponding to a second shooting parameter which is different from the first shooting parameter and using at least the generated second image as a training image for a model that is used in noise estimation processing for an input image.

Abstract: A method and an encoder (1001) are disclosed for encoding an input bitstream derived from a block of coefficients relating to video data. Leading zeros and tailing zeros are determined and removed (4050, 4070) from the input bitstream. Parity bits are generated (60) for bits remaining in the input bitstream. An encoded bitstream (1032) is then generated, where the encoded bitstream (1032) comprises the number of leading zeros, the number of tailing zeros, and the parity bits.

Abstract: A method (1022) of encoding non-key frame data (1022) is disclosed. The method (1022) includes forming (4010 to 4040) a bitstream from the data by arranging the bits from the data in a known order. The bitstream is interleaved (2020) to form an interleaved bitstream, and parity bits are generated (2030, 2060) for each of the bitstream and the interleaved bitstream. Bits are deleted (2040) from the generated parity bits dependant upon the bitplane of those bits, and an encoded bitstream (1032) is created from the remaining parity bits.