Abstract: Disclosed here is a novel use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising glutathione or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives as active ingredient, in the forms of tablets, capsules, powder, spray and/or liquid, through oral administration, intervene injection, inhale and/or skin transmission, to treat and prevent gout and lead nephropathy. Embodiments of gout and lead nephropathy treatable by the pharmaceutical composition described herein include, without limitation, gout, kidney stones, tophi, hyperuricemia, blood lead, renal disease (lead nephropathy), complications thereof, as well as other conditions caused by lifestyle, genetics, medical conditions, and blood lead level. Symptoms treatable may include inflammatory arthritis, which typically involves a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint.