Abstract: A filter media support system that reduces media clogging and head loss in granular filtration systems by providing a layered porous plate. The porous plate can have multiple layers of fine sized and coarse sized pores. The porous plate is positioned between the media and the filter bottom. The filter media support system is securely anchored to the infrastructure of the underdrain system thereby inhibiting media penetration of the filter bottom and avoiding seal failures. The infrastructure can be air lateral piping fitted beneath the underdrain blocks of the support system. The anchors can be secured to pipe clamps circumscribing the air laterals.

Abstract: A countertorque arm assembly mounts onto a pressure cylinder valve body for cradling an actuator that operates to rotate the valve stem in response to a sensed condition.

Abstract: In an amperimetric measurement apparatus comprising an amperimetric cell having a pair of electrodes arranged for contact with a solution, a potential difference is established between the electrodes, and a corresponding electric current is conducted in a forward direction through a current path which includes the electrodes and the solution. An output corresponding to the current indicates the concentration of a solute in the solution. The electrical charge passing through said cell in response to said potential difference is monitored by an integrator. The forward current is interrupted repeatedly and a reverse electric current is imposed on the cell during the interruptions of forward current. The magnitude and duration of the reverse current are regulated in response to the electrical charge flow corresponding to the forward current, so that the net flow of charge through the cell over a time period including an equal number of intervals of forward and reverse current intervals is substantially zero.

Abstract: A liquefied gas, such as liquefied chlorine, which is injected into a liquid stream such as an aqueous stream, in the liquid state, is prevented from causing the liquid stream to freeze by cooling the liquefied gas to a temperature below its boiling point at the pressure of the liquid stream.

Abstract: Apparatus particularly suited for use in mixing ammonia gas with hard water is disclosed. The apparatus includes an ejector assembly having a throat with a flexible tubular liner which is periodically flexed inwardly to loosen any solid matter which may have formed on the inside of the liner. The liner is flexed by a three-way valve connected to the water supply line and controlled by timers and a pressure switch. If desired, a similarly-lined tubular extension may be mounted downstream of the throat and flexed periodically to loosen any matter deposited therein. An orifice may be mounted in a diaphragm upstream of the throat to move in response to liner flexure for limiting solid matter accumulation adjacent the throat inlet.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in contacting a gas with a liquid comprises a pair of ported injector pipes onto which elastic sleeves having a series of slits therein are mounted by means of axially-spaced bands. The elastic sleeves expand as gas flows from the pipe to open the slits for discharging the gas into the liquid. The apparatus functions to maintain a desired gas flow rate irrespective of the accumulation of gas-liquid reaction products tending to block the slits.