Abstract: The present disclosure relates to composition of matter for a feedstock suitable for graphitization. In particular, the present disclosure relates to composition required for taking non-graphitizable carbon materials and producing a graphite product with preferred properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for the production of a graphite powder, suitable for making high performance lithium-ion battery anodes and other applications. The composition of matter comprises a biochar, a metal and graphite. The biochar is typically derived from the pyrolysis of woody biomass. The metal is typically a transition metal derived from the decomposition and reduction of an organic or inorganic metallic compound. The graphite is highly crystalline and has a wide range of morphologies or structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates primarily to methods of production of graphite from biomass, char or tar. The invention also provides novel apparatus and catalysts for the production of graphite from carbon-containing materials. In particular embodiments, the invention relates to the production of graphite by hydrothermal treatment of biomass to produce tar or hydrochar and graphitisation to produce graphite.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus (1) and methods for processing biomass to produce charcoal, bio-oil(s) activated carbon, recarburizer carbon, or nut coke by means of microwave energy. The apparatus has a rotatable tube (5) for receiving biomass (108), an electromagnetic generator (7). One method provides applying electromagnetic energy to the biomass (108) and an absorbing material (109). An alternative method provides allowing an indirect, black body radiation field to develop, and exposing the biomass (108) to the black body radiation field and the electromagnetic energy. Another method provides allowing plasma to form and exposing the biomass to the plasma and the electromagnetic energy. Another method provides introducing the biomass to a second container (205), introducing the second container to a first reaction container (5), applying electromagnetic energy to the biomass and an absorbing material (109), allowing a plasma to form in the first container, which heats the biomass in the second container.