Abstract: A method for evaluating signals of fluorescence scanning microscopy with simultaneous excitation and detection of fluorescence in different focal planes of a sample by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Abstract: A movable mirror device is provided as a unitary device with a position sensor and an analog-to-digital converter included in the unitary device.

Abstract: A functionally integrated laser scanning microscope for scanning a sample with laser illumination, selectably in a confocal, line or wide-field operating mode, comprising a laser light source, an illumination and detection beam path, a detection device and at least one objective, wherein the illumination and detection beam path has optical means for the configuration of the laser illumination, at least one scanner for scanning the sample with the laser illumination, and a beam splitter for separating illumination and detection light, and controllable optical elements for changing the beam guiding depending on the operating mode selected in each case.

Abstract: An optical system for transmitting a source image is provided. Light having a field angle spectrum emanates from the source image. The optical system includes an optical waveguide arrangement, in which light can propagate by total internal reflection. The optical system also includes a diffractive optical input coupling arrangement for coupling the light emanating from the source image into the optical waveguide arrangement. The optical system further includes a diffractive optical output coupling arrangement for coupling the light that has propagated in the optical waveguide arrangement out from the optical waveguide arrangement. The disclosure also provides related methods.

Abstract: Mobile computer devices and systems for refraction determination of an eye, for example for objective refraction determination and/or subjective refraction determination, are provided. Here, a display of the mobile computer device can be driven to display an image for refraction determination.

Abstract: An illumination optical unit serves for illuminating objects to be examined by a metrology system. The illumination optical unit has an optical pupil shaping assembly for generating a defined distribution of illumination angles of illumination light over an object field in which an object to be examined can be arranged. An optical field shaping assembly for generating a defined intensity distribution of the illumination light over the object field is disposed downstream of the pupil shaping assembly in the beam path of the illumination light. The field shaping assembly has at least one optical field shaping element arranged in the region of a pupil plane of the illumination optical unit. This results in an illumination optical unit which ensures an illumination which can be set in a defined manner with regard to an intensity distribution and an illumination angle distribution over the entire object field.

Abstract: In a method for localizing defects on a substrate for EUV masks, a phase contrast optical unit having a phase mask is used for examining the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging a sample arranged in a first medium in an object plane. The apparatus includes an optical transmission system which images the sample in the object plane in an intermediate image in an intermediate image plane. The object plane and the intermediate image plane form an angle not equal to 90° with an optical axis of the transmission system. The apparatus further comprises an optical imaging system having an objective. The object plane may be imaged on a detector without distortion. The optical transmission system is symmetrical with respect to a pupil plane, the object plane, and the intermediate image plane to satisfy the Scheimpflug condition. The intermediate image lies in a second medium having a refractive index virtually identical to that of the first medium. A lens group of a subsystem arranged closest to the sample or intermediate image comprises at least one catadioptric assembly.

Abstract: An imaging system with an imaging lens system for imaging an object into an image plane is disclosed. The imaging lens system contains an optical component for a higher depth of field, of which the refractive power is alterable and the optical effect remains rotation-symmetrical.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a spectacle lens and includes a body which is transparent or at least partly transparent to light and has a phase object which guides the light incident at an angle of incidence ? on a side facing away from an observer into a direction depending on the wavelength ? of the light and the angle of incidence ? thereof. The phase object has a multiplicity of diffraction structures, which diffract monochromatic light at a wavelength of 380 nm???800 nm with a diffraction efficiency of ??70% into one and same order of diffraction |m|?1 when the monochromatic light is incident at an angle of incidence ? on the side of the lens facing away from the observer which lies within a diffraction-structure-specific angle interval 15° wide and dependent on the wavelength of the light.

Abstract: A CMOS image sensor has a pixel array provided with a plurality of unit pixels arranged in a matrix shape of rows and columns. Each of the unit pixels includes a photocharge generation means for generating photocharges by absorbing an external light; and a sensing node for receiving the photocharges transferred from the photocharge generation means, wherein the sensing node of the unit pixel in a previous scan line is shared with a sensing node of a unit pixel in a current scan line in response to a line select signal of the current line.

Abstract: An optical system for producing lithographic structures is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for determining relative coordinates of a position of a writing field relative to a position of a preview field in such an optical system, and a method for producing lithographic structures using such an optical system.

Abstract: Mobile computer devices and systems for refraction determination of an eye, for example for objective refraction determination and/or subjective refraction determination, are provided. Here, a display of the mobile computer device can be driven to display an image for refraction determination. The mobile computer device includes a display, a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a program code stored therein. The program code is configured to cause the processor to drive only the display to display an image thereon for determining refraction of the eye.

Abstract: A movable mirror device is provided as a unitary device with a position sensor and an analog-to-digital converter included in the unitary device.

Abstract: An illumination optical unit serves for illuminating objects to be examined by a metrology system. The illumination optical unit has an optical pupil shaping assembly for generating a defined distribution of illumination angles of illumination light over an object field in which an object to be examined can be arranged. An optical field shaping assembly for generating a defined intensity distribution of the illumination light over the object field is disposed downstream of the pupil shaping assembly in the beam path of the illumination light. The field shaping assembly has at least one optical field shaping element arranged in the region of a pupil plane of the illumination optical unit. This results in an illumination optical unit which ensures an illumination which can be set in a defined manner with regard to an intensity distribution and an illumination angle distribution over the entire object field.

Abstract: A device for adjusting a camera lens, which includes at least one lens ring rotatable about the optical axis of the camera lens for zoom, focus or aperture adjustment, which is connectable with a driving device actuatable by an electronic control unit, includes a retaining device connected with the camera lens, which is adapted to the contour of the camera lens, for accommodating a fastening mechanism of a drive system containing the driving device and the electronic control unit.

Abstract: A laser scanning microscope for the acquisition of object images according to varied observation criteria. The microscope includes an illumination and detection unit, an illumination and a detection beam, a microscope objective, a scanning device with a scanning optical component and several scanners, with switching mirrors, each mirror with two switching positions, provided in the illumination and detection beams. Each switching position is assigned to one of several different, optically separate beam paths and each beam path defines a separate operating mode. A concave mirror for imaging a first scanner into at least one more scanner and vice versa is arranged in at least one of the beam paths.

Abstract: A movable mirror device is provided as a unitary device with a position sensor and an analog-to-digital converter included in the unitary device.

Abstract: The spatial structure of an optical element is determined. The optical element has a first optically active surface and a second optically active surface. The optical element is arranged in a holding device. The position of a point (P) on the first optically active surface and the position of a point (P?) on the second optically active surface are referenced in a coordinate system fixed to the holding device. The topography of the first optically active surface is determined in a coordinate system referenced to the holding device by the position of point (P) and the spatial structure of the optical element is calculated from the topography of the first optically active surface and from a data set as to the topography of the second optically active surface. The data set is referenced to the fixed coordinate system of the holding device by the position of point (P?).

Abstract: Each modulator of an image projector includes multiple pixels arranged in rows and columns, switchable independently of each other into a first state, in which light incident on them is used to generate an image, and into a second state, in which light incident on them is not used to generate an image. At least one first pixel is assigned to each second pixel such that the imaging optical system a) strikes the second pixel with light from the respective assigned first pixel when the assigned first pixel is switched into the first state, in order to illuminate the second pixel actively, and b) does not strike the second pixel it with light from the respective assigned first pixel when the assigned first pixel is switched into the second state, in order not to illuminate the second pixel actively. A control unit that controls the modulators is also disclosed.