Abstract: A system for making oxide material may comprise a preheating cyclone stage for receiving a solid carbonate material and operating at a temperature less than a calcination temperature of the solid carbonate material, a calcination cyclone stage for heating the preheated solid carbonate material and operating at a temperature of at least the calcination temperature to convert the preheated solid carbonate material to a solid oxide material and carbon dioxide gas, a cooling cyclone stage for cooling the solid oxide material and operating at a temperature less than the calcination temperature to cool the solid oxide material to ambient temperature, a first recirculating system to extract and recirculate a first gas from an outlet of the calcination cyclone stage to an inlet of the calcination cyclone stage zone, and a second recirculating system to extract and recirculate a second gas from the cooling cyclone stage to the preheating cyclone stage.

Abstract: A composition for use in concrete may generally comprise, based on total dry weight percent of the composition: at least 50% calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate; 1-40% pozzolan; up to 3% calcium oxide; up to 2% plasticizer; up to 5% metal salt; and balance of incidental impurities. Methods of making and using the same are also described.

Abstract: A composition for use in concrete may generally comprise, based on total dry weight percent of the composition: at least 50% calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate; 1-40% pozzolan; up to 3% calcium oxide; up to 2% plasticizer; up to 5% metal salt; and balance of incidental impurities. Methods of making and using the same are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for hydrating lime in a horizontally disposed vessel where adjacent oppositely rotating shafts have first sets of spaced blades extending coaxially with an axis of each shaft and an adjacent second set of blades extending to an angle to the longitudinal axis, the blades directing a mixture of quicklime and water upwardly into a space between the shafts and towards the cover, while forming hydrated lime.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recovering heat radiating from the outer surface of a rotary kiln includes an enclosure formed as a stationary housing that has an axially extending opening and closure flaps on circumferential ends of the housing extending towards the shell to form a chamber and an exhaust fan, arranged to draw a flow of air into the housing, which flow of air recovers heat from the kiln shell and is discharged from the chamber for heat recovery therefrom.

Abstract: A crystallizer system for forming solid crystals includes a vessel defining a cylindrical sidewall, a sparge device located at a bottom of the vessel, a plurality of impellers attached to a shaft, and a plurality of redistribution funnel assemblies vertically spaced apart. Each funnel assembly may be positioned underneath a respective impeller of the plurality of impellers. Each funnel assembly may include a funnel, a disc attached to the shaft such that the disc rotates with the impellers, and a channel extending radially inward from a location near the sidewall. The channel may be adapted to direct gas bubbles from the sidewall to a location near blade outer edges of the respective impeller A lower edge of the funnel and the disc may define a lower gap therebetween, such that solid particles falling from within the funnel are directed out of the lower gap when the disc is rotated.

Abstract: An apparatus for calibrating a metal detecting device of a materials processing line. A placement arm is provided to control the path of a calibrating sample in order to simulate movement of tramp metal moving on a processing line along with materials being processed. Upper and lower arms of the placement arm are joined by an adjustable elbow which can be set to a maximum angle of extension in order to accurately place the calibrating sample at a preferred location in a detecting field of the metal detecting device.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases using calcium and magnesium scrubbing components and treatment of oxidized effluent from such a system includes passing classified oxidized effluent to a regeneration tank and adding lime to produce a regenerator discharge containing magnesium hydroxide, gypsum and crystalline inert material. Gypsum is separated from the discharge and a magnesium hydroxide stream passed to a concentration system to produce a concentrated solids stream of magnesium hydroxide, residual minor amount of gypsum and crystalline inert material. A portion of the resultant stream is returned to the sulfur dioxide removal system while a portion is passed to the oxidizer. Further portions may be fed to a power plant boiler or to the flue gas stream between a solids collection device and the wet scrubber.

Abstract: A gas desulfurization scrubbing system for removing sulfur oxides from gases, such as those of fossil fuel burning operations or other manufacturing process emitting sulfur oxides, and for collecting reaction products of the desulfurization chemical reactions. A quenching section is disposed in a gas duct upstream of a gas desulfurization scrubbing tower and a scrubbing slurry is provided at that section for quenching and chemically reacting with the gas. A quench reaction product is collected, at a location between the quenching section and the scrubbing tower, for use in making commercial by-products, such as gypsum.