Abstract: A system for making oxide material may comprise a preheating cyclone stage for receiving a solid carbonate material and operating at a temperature less than a calcination temperature of the solid carbonate material, a calcination cyclone stage for heating the preheated solid carbonate material and operating at a temperature of at least the calcination temperature to convert the preheated solid carbonate material to a solid oxide material and carbon dioxide gas, a cooling cyclone stage for cooling the solid oxide material and operating at a temperature less than the calcination temperature to cool the solid oxide material to ambient temperature, a first recirculating system to extract and recirculate a first gas from an outlet of the calcination cyclone stage to an inlet of the calcination cyclone stage zone, and a second recirculating system to extract and recirculate a second gas from the cooling cyclone stage to the preheating cyclone stage.

Abstract: Compositions for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent may generally comprise, based on weight percent of the composition, at least 50% fly ash, up to 20% calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, up to 2% plasticizer and a balance of incidental impurities. Methods for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent using the composition for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent are also described.

Abstract: An acid gas absorption composition may generally comprise calcium oxide generally characterized by a specific surface area from 40-100 m2/g, a porous volume from 0.25-0.50 cm3/g within a pore diameter range up to 1200 Angstroms, more than 40% by weight of the composition of pores having a diameter from 100-400 Angstroms, and an acid gas mass absorption capacity of at least 4.5 grams of acid gas per 100 grams of composition. Methods of making and using the same are also described.

Abstract: Compositions for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent may generally comprise, based on weight percent of the composition, at least 50% fly ash, up to 20% calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide, up to 2% plasticizer and a balance of incidental impurities. Methods for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent using the composition for the treatment of flue gas desulfurization scrubber effluent are also described.

Abstract: A stone matrix asphalt for use as a paving composition, containing lime kiln dust as a mineral filler. The lime kiln dust results from production of lime from limestone in a kiln and contains available calcium oxide in an amount of less than forty percent by weight.

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide is removed from a gaseous stream using an aqueous scrubbing slurry of magnesium and calcium scrubbing components where the process is carried out where lime and magnesium hydroxide are blended to give a molar ratio of between about 1.0 to 2.0, so as to provide a solids content in the aqueous scrubbing slurry of between about 12 to 20 percent, which includes about 10 to 15 percent suspended solids and 2 to 5 percent dissolved solids, and a dissolved sulfite content of about 13,000 to 20,000 ppm and a pH of between about 5.8-6.0.