Abstract: An isothermal reactor for carrying out heterogeneous exothermic or endothermic reactions, includes within a catalytic bed (3) housed in an appropriate outer shell (2), at least one tube (13) for the passage of a cooling or heating fluid which advantageously extends within the bed (3) along a plane substantially perpendicular with respect to opposed perforated side walls (4, 5) of the catalytic bed.

Abstract: A nozzle for distributor devices of granule's growth liquid substance in fluid bed granulators, is distinguished by the fact that it comprises a duct (2) having, at one end, at least one inlet opening (3) for a flow (F) of a chosen granule's growth liquid substance, and, at the other end, a supply opening (5) for such substance, a gaseous flow distributor (6) externally associated to the duct (2) in predetermined spaced relationship from the supply opening (5) and in fluid communication with the inside of the duct (2), and emulsifying means (8) associated to the inlet opening (3) and the distributor (6) to obtain, inside the duct (2), an emulsion of the gaseous flow in the growth liquid substance.

Abstract: Heat exchange unit for pseudo-isothermal reactors including a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed at its opposite ends by respective bottoms (3, 4), at least one thereof is provided with at least one manhole opening (5) of predetermined dimensions, a reaction zone (6) inside the shell (2) in order to contain a catalytic bed, comprising at least two modular and assembly heat exchangers (11), having predetermined cross dimensions smaller than those of the manhole opening (5), each heat exchanger (11) comprising at least one heat exchange element (12).

Abstract: A process for the heterogeneous synthesis of chemical compounds such as methanol and ammonia through catalytic conversion of the respective gaseous reactants that are made to pass through a first (2) and a second (3) reaction zone connected in series with each other, in which they react in pseudoisothermal conditions, distinguishes itself in that in the first reaction zone (2) the gaseous reactants are made to flow through a fixed mass of an appropriate catalyst in which a plurality of substantially box-like, plate-shaped heat exchangers (21), arranged side-by-side and crossed by a heat exchange operating fluid, is dipped.

Abstract: An isothermal reactor for carrying out heterogeneous exothermic or endothermic reactions, includes within a catalytic bed (3) housed in an appropriate outer shell (2), at least one tube (13) for the passage of a cooling or heating fluid which advantageously extends with a cone shaped helicoidal.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for carbamate decomposition and ammonia and carbon dioxide stripping from urea solutions, wherein a stripper (2) including a substantially cylindrical shell (3), which can be fitted onto a structure (6) for supporting the shell (3) in two distinct vertical positions rotated by 180 ° with respect to a horizontal symmetry axis (x-x) of the stripper. By virtue of the symmetrical design of stripper (2), the operation and the associated connections of the upper and lower portions are effectively interchangeable, thereby providing a substantial increase in the service life of the stripper when the stripper is rotated so as to bring a corrosion damaged upper part down, at the bottom of the apparatus, and bring the opposed, not yet damaged corresponding area up.

Abstract: A reactor, in particular for exothermic reactions, of the type including: a shell (2) of substantially cylindrical shape, at least one catalytic bed (3) in the shell, including a perforated cylindrical outer side wall (4), which forms a free space (8) with the shell, and an inner side wall (5) coaxial to the previous one, a heat exchanger (13) in the bed (3), the heat exchanger (13) being formed by a plurality of tubes (15) in the form of a spiral, a coil or alike in fluid communication with feed and discharge collectors (14, 16) for a cooling fluid.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for carrying out exothermic or endothermic heterogeneous reactions comprising an outer shell (2) of substantially cylindrical shape and at least a heat exchanger (9) embedded in a catalytic layer (10) supported in said shell (2), is characterized in that the heat exchanger (9) is a plate (14) heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method for carrying out chemical reactions in so-called pseudo-isothermal conditions and in a predetermined reaction environment, for example a catalytic bed, comprises the step of arranging in the reaction environment at least one heat exchanger crossed by an operating fluid along a main direction.

Abstract: A Kit of modular components for the manufacture of an electrochemical reactor (1) of the so-called filter-press type having a substantially tubular body (1a), closed at the opposite ends by end plates (2, 3) and in which is defined a sequence of electrolyte cells (4z, 4b) in fluid with pipes (7 to 10) extended in said body (1a), in a direction parallel to its axis (AA), for the collection and distribution of process fluids, distinguishes itself in that it comprises: a plurality of electrochemically functional flat elements (13, 13a) selected from bipolar elements and separation elements, a plurality of frames (11), all identical to each other, realized with an electrically non-conducting material and structured to enclose and support inside them, in a per se known way, respective pre-selected electrochemically functional flat elements (13, 13a), each of the frames (11) being equipped with an equal plurality of through-holes (14, 14a; 15, 15a; 211, 22; 26, 27) parallel to the axis of the respective frame (11)

Abstract: A method for the production of synthesis urea from liquid ammonia and gaseous carbon dioxide, comprising the step of feeding separate flows (6, 8) of liquid ammonia and gaseous carbon dioxide in continuous to a substantially vertical or horizontal column synthesis reactor (1), is distinguished in that the feed of liquid ammonia is split up into at least two consecutive sections (Z1-Z7) of said column.

Abstract: Method for carbamate condensation of a carbon dioxide/ammonia gaseous phase in a liquid phase in a condensation unit of the so-called submerged type comprising a heat exchange tube bundle having a predetermined number of tubes intended for carbamate condensation, wherein the gaseous phase and the liquid phase are fed contemporaneously and independently to each of the tubes intended for condensation.

Abstract: A method for purifying melamine comprising impurities like ureido-melamine, oxotriazines, melam, melem, comprises the step of putting into contact at a temperature comprised between 340° C. and 410° C. and at a pressure comprised between 8 and 17 MPa a melamine melt with a bed of a catalyst thus obtaininig melamine with a purity of at least 99%.

Abstract: A method for obtaining urea prills in a prilling tower (1) comprising the step of making a plurality of melt urea droplets to fall from a urea melt distributing device (4) towards an urea prills collecting bottom (6) of the prilling tower, further comprises the step of cooling the collecting bottom (6).

Abstract: A process for producing melamine crystals at high pureness is distinguished by the fact that it comprises a crystallisation step of a flow comprising substantially pure melt melamine by cooling with liquid ammonia and a thickening step of the resulting suspension of melamine crystals in liquid ammonia by separation of a portion of the liquid ammonia present in said suspension, whereby the liquid ammonia separated in said thickening step is reused as coolant in the crystallisation step.

Abstract: A horizontal chemical reactor comprises at least one catalytic bed (5a-5d) arranged horizontally in the reactor and comprising a lower gas-permeable wall (6) for gas outlet, and a holding element (2) of the at least one catalytic bed.

Abstract: Method for carrying out in continuous, under so-called pseudo-isothermal conditions and in a predetermined reaction environment, such as a catalytic bed, a selected chemical reaction, comprising the steps of providing in the reaction environment at least one tubular heat exchanger fed with a first flow of a heat exchange operating fluid at a respective predetermined inlet temperature, the fluid passing through the at least one tubular heat exchanger according to a respective inlet/outlet path, which method also provides the step of feeding into the at least one tubular heat exchanger and at one or more intermediate positions of said path, a second flow of operating fluid having a respective predetermined inlet temperature.

Abstract: In a process for the production of urea, substantially pure ammonia and carbon dioxide are reacted in a reaction space (1) from which comes out a reaction mixture subjected to stripping (2) to obtain a partially purified mixture sent to a urea recovery section (3, 4, 7, 8). From the recovery section (3, 4, 7, 8) it is obtained a dilute carbamate solution, which is subjected to stripping (9) with recycling of vapors to the reaction space (1) after condensation (6). This process achieves high conversion yield with reduced energy consumption and low implementation costs.

Abstract: A heat exchange unit for axial and radial pseudo-isothermal reactors which comprise a substantially cylindrical shell (2) closed at the opposite ends by base plates (3, 4), a reaction zone (6) containing a catalytic bed and at least one heat exchanger (11) of the type with a plate having a variable section along the direction of the flow of operating heat exchange fluid

Abstract: Methanol is converted in light molecular olefins C2-C4 with 93-100% degree of transformation and more than 90% selectivity in which more than 80% are ethylene and propylene upon a microspherical catalyst based on SAPO-34 zeolite, with continuous reaction-regeneration in a fluidized bed reactor-regenerator system. Ethylene/propylene ratio is changed in relatively large limits 0.69-1.36, by the modification of reaction temperature and space velocity of the feed.