Abstract: An apparatus for forming images is disclosed, in which a replaceable unit at least including a developing section is replaceably mounted in said apparatus body. Preliminary processing, such as developer agitation in said replaceable unit, is performed when a power source is connected and when the replaceable unit is mounted prior to an image formation operation. A timer started at the time of the connection of a power source is provided. A controller is provided to detect the output of the timer at the time of connection of the power source or at the time of the start of such an image formation operation for varying said preliminary processing according to the result of detection.

Abstract: An image reproduction apparatus capable of reproducing the images which are recorded on the original and on the board sheet which is able to move is used. The image reproducing apparatus consists of the board section including the board formed as a sheet and the reproducing section capable of moving forward or backward to the board section. A detecting means for detecting the position in which the reproducing section is towards the board section is arranged on the board section and the reproducing section. The image reproduction apparatus confirms the position at which the reproducing section is outputted according to the detecting means, and thus the image reproduction apparatus reproduces the image on the board sheet and on the original.

Abstract: a temperature control device for a liquid crystal optical shutter allows information writing on a photosensitive body such that a plurality of microshutters are opened/closed to selectively transmit light from a light source onto the surface of the photosensitive body. The ambient temperature near the liquid crystal optical shutter is detected by a thermistor. The temperature control device includes a first temperature controller for causing a thermistor to detect the ambient temperature near the liquid crystal optical shutter and for variably controlling an energization ratio of the heater for heating the liquid crystal optical shutter, and a second temperature controller for controlling energization of the heater at an energization ratio different from that of the first temperature controller.

Abstract: A waveform forming device comprises a light source, a liquid crystal light shutter for passing or preventing the light of the light source and a driving circuit for driving a plurality of electrodes of the liquid crystal light shutter by using drive control signals including a signal of a high frequency f.sub.H and a signal of a low frequency f.sub.L. The frequencies f.sub.H and f.sub.L are respectively higher and lower than the frequency which makes a liquid crystal dielectric anisotropy zero. The waveform forming device has a ROM in which a plurality of basic control signals are stored, a counter for addressing a desired memory areas of the ROM and a waveform selector for selecting the basic control signals. The drive control signals are formed by combining the basic control signals, thereby to provide a desired drive pattern signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copying apparatus wherein images on a display member in a display unit can be copied. The copying apparatus comprises the display unit and a copying unit, and light reflected from the images on the display member is supplied to the copying unit through an optical system in the display unit. The present invention discloses what position the copying unit has relative to the display unit and how the display unit is constructed.

Abstract: The cleaning device includes a conductive fur brush for removing toner remaining on an image carrier, and a conductive retrieval roller for collecting the toner caught by the conductive fur brush. A bias voltage of a polarity reverse to the charged polarity of the toner and the absolute value of which is smaller than 200 V is applied to the conductive fur brush, and a bias voltage of the same polarity as that of the bias voltage applied to the conductive fur brush and the absolute value of which is larger by 200 to 500 V than that of the conductive fur brush is applied to the conductive collective roller.

Abstract: A recording apparatus is capable recording information by light passed through the light shutter. When the information is recorded on to a sheet of paper, the recording apparatus controls that area on the paper where information is to be recorded, and it comprises plural AND or OR gates, counters and flip-flop circuits. The area on the paper where the information is to be recorded is indicated by an effective writing signal applied from a means located outside and recording data applied from a means located outside is recorded on to the sheet of paper responsive to this effective writing signal.

Abstract: The image reproduction apparatus of the present invention can make a copy of images written or drawn on a board as well as a copy of images of an original provided on an original table. The image reproduction apparatus comprises a board portion and a copying portion. The optical information of images written or drawn on a board is supplied to the copying section through an optical system. The copying section moves between a position where the image reproduction is performed by the above optical information and a position where an ordinary copying of the original is performed. Thus, according to the present invention, the copying section moves between said two positions.

Abstract: In the recording apparatus of this invention, liquid crystal light shutter operates by using the double frequency drive. The double frequency drive utilizes signals of a high frequency f.sub.H and lower frequency f.sub.L. The dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal matrial becomes positive in the case of the frequency f.sub.L lower than crossover frequency f.sub.C and becomes negative in the case of the frequency f.sub.H higher than the frequency f.sub.C. When the data signal including the signal of the frequency f.sub.L for a final period of a writing cycle Tw, is applied to write selection electrodes and data signal electrodes, liquid crystal light shutter is kept open for the final period of the writing cycle Tw, namely, opening or closing state of the shutter which is caused during a selection period can be eliminated.

Abstract: Two-color image forming apparatus has a bipolar photosensitive body, a first charging means, a first electrostatic latent image forming means, a first developing means, a second charging means, a second electrostatic latent image forming means, and a second developing means. The second charging means is a corona discharger having a corona ion stream control screen forming by laminating a conductive member with an insulating member and disposed at or near an open portion for radiating a corona ion.

Abstract: A photocopying apparatus is provided in which a moving area of a lens at the time of a magnification changing and that of an optical device such as a mirror unit overlap partly. At the time of the magnification changing, it is determined whether the optical device is positioned at a home position. When the optical device is not located at the home position, the lens is caused to move for the purpose of the magnification changing after the optical device is returned to the home position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnification control device for use to a copying machine in which the area magnification as well as the linear magnification can be set by the operator. The linear magnification can be converted to the area magnification and also, the area magnification can be converted to the linear magnification. The area magnification is determined based on the area of the copying paper and that of the original.