Abstract: In one embodiment, an ammonium removal system can comprise: a solids removal tank; a multivalent cation remover disposed downstream of the solids removal tank and capable of removing a multivalent cation from a stream to form a treated stream; a base source capable of sufficiently increasing a pH of the treated stream to convert greater than or equal to about 50 wt % of ammonium in the stream to ammonia; an ammonia removal tank capable of separating the ammonia from the treated stream; and an ammonia recovery device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an ammonium removal method can comprise: removing a multivalent cation from a stream comprising ammonium to form a treated stream; converting the ammonium in the stream to ammonia by increasing the pH of the stream; and separating the ammonia from the treated stream to form a separated stream and gaseous ammonia. In another embodiment, an ammonium removal method can comprise: a multivalent cation from a stream comprising ammonium to form a treated stream comprising a total of less than or equal to about 50 ppm by weight of multivalent cations; increasing the pH of the stream to a conversion pH; converting the ammonium to ammonia; and separating the ammonia from the treated stream to form a separated stream and gaseous ammonia.