Abstract: A device to measure a temperature of molten metal may include an infrared sensor effective to measure the temperature of the molten metal, a sheath having an open end, a sealed end, and a channel extending from the open end to the sealed end, and an infrared-transparent window disposed between the infrared sensor and the channel of the sheath. The open end of the sheath is disposed near the infrared sensor and the sealed end of the sheath extends into the molten metal. The infrared-transparent window or rod is disposed between the infrared sensor and the channel of the sheath such that the infrared sensor can measure the temperature through the infrared-transparent window or rod, the channel, and the sealed end. The infrared-transparent window or rod seals the infrared sensor from the channel in the sheath.

Abstract: A device to measure a temperature of molten metal may include an infrared sensor effective to measure the temperature of the molten metal, a sheath having an open end, a sealed end, and a channel extending from the open end to the sealed end, and an infrared-transparent window disposed between the infrared sensor and the channel of the sheath. The open end of the sheath is disposed near the infrared sensor and the sealed end of the sheath extends into the molten metal. The infrared-transparent window or rod is disposed between the infrared sensor and the channel of the sheath such that the infrared sensor can measure the temperature through the infrared-transparent window or rod, the channel, and the sealed end. The infrared-transparent window or rod seals the infrared sensor from the channel in the sheath.

Abstract: A tundish and, more specifically, an impact pad is formed with a bottom impact surface and includes an outer side wall extending upwardly therefrom which fully encloses an interior space or cavity having an upper opening into which molten metal is directed from a ladle shroud. The outer side wall of the pad includes an inner surface extending from the bottom impact surface to the opening of the pad. The inner side wall surface includes an annular portion which extends inwardly and upwardly toward the opening of the pad. In the preferred embodiment, the inner side wall surface curves continuously from the bottom impact surface to a vertical wall defining the opening of the pad. The pad redirects the pouring stream back into itself causing the counter current flows to slow each other down thereby minimizing turbulence and inhibiting high velocity flow within the tundish. The upward flow is further is advantageously directed away from the incoming pouring stream toward the surface of the bath.