Abstract: Acetic acid containing iodide, unsaturates and carbonyl impurities is purified by treatment with ozone in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. The acetic acid product may be further contacted with activated carbon or ion-exchange resins for additional removal of impurities.

Abstract: A novel catalyst system, a process for using the novel catalyst system, and a product made from the process is described. The novel catalyst system is specific for producing polyethylene terephthalate made from reacting terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, wherein the catalyst system includes at least 650 ppm antimony; cobalt and/or zinc, and at least one of zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium. The antimony is generally present from about 650 ppm to about 1100 ppm. The cobalt and/or zinc is usually present from about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, and the zinc, magnesium, manganese or calcium, as the third component, is generally present from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm. The amounts of all catalyst compounds are based on the theoretical yield of the polymer. Using the novel catalyst system to produce PET drastically increases the polymerization rate. In the process, the novel catalyst system can be introduced any time before the polycondensation stage of the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A container or conduit for compressed gas and/or cryogenic gas is constructed with a gas impermeable synthetic polymer forming a gas barrier and a structural component that provides structural integrity to the container or conduit. The structural component is associated with the barrier. The gas impermeable synthetic polymer is preferably a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing N-acylaminothiophenols, e.g., N-acetyl-para-aminothiophenol, or aminothiophenols, e.g., para-aminothiophenol, or N,S-diacylaminothiophenols, e.g., N,S-diacetyl-para-aminothiophenol, by reacting any of certain sulfur-containing ketones, viz., an S-(acylaryl) N,N-di(organo)thiocarbamate, e.g., S-(4'-acetophenyl)-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate, an acylthiophenol acylate ester, e.g., 4-acetothiophenol acetate, or a free acylthiophenol, e.g., 4-acetothiophenol with hydroxylamine or a hydroxylamine salt, to form the oxime of the ketone, subjecting the oxime to a Beckmann rearrangement in the presence of a catalyst to form an S-(N-acyl-aminoaryl) N,N-di(organo)thiocarbamate, e.g., S-(N-acetyl-para-aminophenyl) N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate, an N,S-diacylaminothiophenol, e.g., N,S-diacetyl-paraaminothiophenol, or an N-acyl aminothiophenol, e.g., N-acetyl-para-aminothiophenol, respectively.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a method of purifying ibuprofen-comprising reaction product mixtures. The method of purification is based on crystallization of ibuprofen from a hydrocarbon solvent and the discovery that there are impurity complexes in the ibuprofen-comprising reaction product mixtures which cannot be removed by crystallization from a hydrocarbon solvent.The method of the invention includes at least one step in which the impurity complex in a first ibuprofen-comprising mixture is destabilized or broken up, followed by crystallization of the ibuprofen from a second solution or mixture comprising the first ibuprofen-comprising mixture, whereby the impurities which were previously complexed can then be removed from the ibuprofen by the crystallization of ibuprofen from a solvent.

Abstract: The invention is a polyester and a method for producing a polyester filament which has a combination of flame resistance and low pilling properties. The method comprises forming a polyester polymer from a mixture consisting essentially of terephthalate acid or dimethyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol, a chain branching agent having a functionality of at least 3 and a phosphinic acid in the amount between 0.5 and 20 mole percent of the terephthalate acid and monomer. In particular, the invention also comprises the enhanced fiber formed by the process, as well as the fabrics having a pilling of about 3 to less than 5 as measured in accordance with ASTM D-3512-82.

Abstract: A method for producing 4-acetoxystyrene by heating 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol, with an acid catalyst, at a temperature of from about 85.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. under a pressure of from about 0.1 mm HgA to about 760 mm HgA for from about 0.2 minutes to about 10 minutes. The process also provides for the solventless (neat) hydrogenation of 4-acetoxyacetophenone to produce 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol. The reaction proceeds by heating at 54.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. with an excess of hydrogen in the presence of a Pd/C or activated nickel such as Raney Nickel catalyst in the absence of a solvent. The 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol may then be dehydrated to 4-acetoxystyrene. The later may be polymerized to poly(4-acetoxystyrene) and hydrolyzed to poly(4-hydroxystyrene).

Abstract: The present inventon pertains to a process for the preparation of omega-arylalkanoic acids of the genral formulaR--Ar--R.sup.1 --COOHwherein R is hydrogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, or aryl; wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and wherein Ar is an aryl group which can be further substituted with at least one of hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, aryl, halide, amino, or acetamido. The omega arylalkanoic acids of the given formula are prepared using catalysts which provide an improvement over the known Willgerodt-Kindler reaction.The present invention also pertains to methods for removing sulfur during the above-described process for the preparation of the omega-arylalkanoic acids.

Abstract: A polyamide composition, which exhibits improved strength properties and low wear properties at elevated temperatures, includes an effective amount of an aluminosilicate ceramic fiber. One preferred composition includes nylon 66 (i.e., a condensation product of adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine) and between 10 and 20 weight percent of an aluminosilicate ceramic fiber, comprising about 43 weight percent Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and about 54 weight percent SiO.sub.2. Due to their enhanced strength and wear properties at elevated temperatures, the compositions of the present invention find particular utility as molded components in mechanisms susceptible to high temperature.

Abstract: Super-absorbent polymers having superior dryness properties when incorporated into absorbent articles are made from acrylic acid and crosslinking agent polymerized under controlled conditions.

Abstract: Black acid or the sulfuric acid residue obtained in the manufacture of ethyl acrylate by reaction of ethylene and acrylic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid is heated and distilled in the presence of a solvent for recovery of acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate.

Abstract: The invention is a polyester and a method for producing a polyester fiber which has a combination of flame resistance and low pilling properties. The method comprises forming a polyester fiber made from a blend of two polyester polymers, one polyester polymer containing an oxysilicon compound and the second polyester polymer containing pentaerythritol and a phosphinic acid in the amount between 0.5 and 20 mole percent of the terephthalate acid and monomer. In particular, the invention also comprises the enhanced fiber formed by the process, as well as the fabrics having a pilling of about 3 to less than 5 as measured in accordance with ASTM D-3512-82.

Abstract: Radiation curable compositions useful as coatings for wood, metal, glass, fabric, paper, fiber and plastics are made from copolymers of 4-hydroxystyrene and an alkadiene or an allyl ester of an ethylenically unsaturated acid blended wit ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: This invention provides process embodiments for fabricating polymeric channel or rib optical waveguides.An invention optical waveguide has a channel or rib structure which has a polymer thin film smooth-wall lining on its surfaces to minimize optical loss by scattering of propagating wave energy.The smooth-wall channel waveguide polymeric medium is in combination with polymeric cladding thin films to form a laminated matrix. The polymers in the waveguiding medium and the lining and cladding thin films of the laminated matrix preferably have side chains which exhibit second order nonlinear optical susceptibility, and which can be molecularly oriented by an electric field.

Abstract: An alcohol such as methanol is reacted with carbon monoxide in a liquid reaction medium containing a rhodium catalyst stabilized with an iodide salt, especially lithium iodide, along with alkyl iodide such as methyl iodide and alkyl acetate such as methyl acetate in specified proportions. With a finite concentration of water in the reaction medium the product is the carboxylic acid instead of, for example, the anhydride. The present reaction system not only provides an acid product of unusually low water content at unexpectedly favorable reaction rates but also, whether the water content is low or, as in the case of prior-art acetic acid technology, relatively high, is characterized by unexpectedly high catalyst stability; i.e., it is resistant to catalyst precipitation out of the reaction medium.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a positive working photosensitive element with increased photospeed which comprises coating a formulation containing at least one novolak or polyvinyl phenol resin, at least one o-quinone diazide and a propylene glycol alkyl ether acetate on a substrate, drying, exposing to imaging energy and developing.

Abstract: Molded article having improved thermal resistance and strength formed from a homogeneous mixture comprising from about 5 to 75 percent by weight polybenzimidazole and from about 95 to 25 percent by weight of a polyaryleneketone. These articles are obtained by injection molding techniques.

Abstract: The invention is a method of producing a polyester filament which has a superior combination of tensile, dyeability and shrinkage properties. The method comprises forming a polyester copolymer from a mixture consisting essentially of terephthalic acid (TA) or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), ethylene glycol, adipic acid, and pentaerythritol wherein the adipic acid is added in an amount of between 1.3 and 3.2 weight percent of the terephthalic acid and pentaerythritol is added in the amount from 175 to 700 ppm by weight of terephthatlic acid; forming the filament from the copolymer, drawing the copolymer filament, and heat-setting the drawn filament. The invention also comprises the enhanced fiber formed by the process having an atmospheric dyeability greater than that of an unenhanced PET produced under identical conditions except for the addition of the adipic acid and pentaerythritol, a modulus of greater than 3.0 g/denier, a tenacity from about 5 to 7 g/denier and a hot air shrinkage of less than 10%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of 4-acetoxystyrene from a crude product mixture comprising 4-acetoxystyrene and typically 5 or more contaminants in substantial amount.The crude product mixture is purified by melt crystallization by cooling the mixture to a temperature ranging from about +8.degree. C. to about -50.degree. C., whereby at least a first portion of the mixture is crystallized; removing the liquid remaining from contact with the crystallized first portion of the mixture; and, subsequently slowly heating the crystallized first portion, while simultaneously removing liquid which forms due to the heating, whereby impurities contained in the liquid which forms are removed from the crystallized first portion.Surprisingly, despite the large number of contaminants present, and use of the process to purify crude product mixtures containing as little as 50% by weight 4-acetoxystyrene, purities as high as 99.

Abstract: Poly(butylene terephthalate) copolyester advantageous of use as sheath materials in bicomponent fibers are prepared by a process for preparing a high-molecular weight, linear copolyester by condensing 40-85 molar percent of terephthalic acid optionally in the form of a dialkyl ester, half of which component can optionally be replaced by another dicarboxylic acid also optionally in the dialkyl ester form, and 60-15 molar percent of a blend of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate with an alkanediol of 2-6 carbon atoms in its carbon chain, at an elevated temperature in the presence of a conventional catalyst, in a first condensation stage which is an interesterification or esterification stage and a second condensation stage which is a polycondensation stage, whereby a copolyester melt is produce. The process comprises, before or during the first condensation stage, adding 0.005-0.1 molar percent, based on the total acid component, of a C.sub.6 -aryl or C.sub.