Abstract: Compounds of general formula (1) ##STR1## are described wherein Y is a halogen atom or a group --OR.sup.1, wherein R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group; X is --O--, --S--, or --N(R.sup.6), wherein R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group; R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, is each a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.7 (wherein R.sup.7 is a hydrogen atom, am optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, aryloxyalkyl, alkanoyloxyalkyl or aroyloxyalkyl group), --CONR.sup.8 R.sup.9 (where R.sup.8 and R.sup.9, which may be the same or different, is as defined for R.sup.7), --CSNR.sup.8 R.sup.9, --CN or --CH.sub.2 CN group; Z is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- where n is zero or an integer 1, 2 or 3; R.sup.

Abstract: 2-Anilinopyrimidines, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, their use in medicine. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds have the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is preferably methoxy; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are preferably methyl; R.sup.4 is preferably a hydrogen atom; R.sup.5 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted straight or branched chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; R.sup.6 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an amino (--NH.sub.2), substituted amino, nitro, carboxyl (--CO.sub.2 H), esterified carboxyl or --X.sup.1 R.sup.6a where X.sup.1 is a direct bond or a linker atom or group and R.sup.6a is an optionally substituted straight or branched chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; X is a direct bond or a linker atom or group; and R.sup.7 is an optionally substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heteroaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic group.

Abstract: Binding agents, such as antibodies, are described which selectively bind to the cluster-w4 polypeptide of human small cell lung carcinoma cells at a site located at and around valine-57 of the cluster-w4 polypeptide. The binding agents, either alone or linked to a reporter or effector molecule are of use in the diagnosis or treatment of human small cell lung carcinoma. Also described are peptides (A).sub.m -(T).sub.n -(T).sub.o -(K).sub.p -V-(A).sub.q -(G).sub.r -(G).sub.s -(A).sub.t -(L).sub.u having at least one of the core structures K-V-A, T-K-V, or V-A-G for use in the identification and/or preparation of binding agents according to the invention, as diagnostic reagents, or as immunostimulants.

Abstract: The invention provides recombinant antibody molecules comprising antigen binding regions derived from the heavy and/or light chain variable regions of a donor anti-CD3 antibody, e.g. OKT3, and which have anti-CD3 binding specificity, preferably of affinity similar to that of OKT3. The recombinant antibody is preferably a humanized antibody and may be a chimeric or CDR-grafted antibody. A method is disclosed for preparing CDR-grafted humanized antibodies in which, in addition to the CDR's, non-human antibody residues are preferably used at positions 23, 24, 49, 71, 73 and 78 of the heavy chain variable region and at positions 46, 48, 58, and 71 of the light chain variable region. The recombinant, especially the humanized, anti-CD3 antibodies may used for in vivo therapy or diagnosis.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the expression of recombinant molecules in bacterial hosts in a defined medium in the absence of antibiotic selection. The method uses an expression vector comprising a regulatable promoter by which the production of foreign proteins may be controlled during the growth phase of the culture, an origin of replication maintaining medium vector copy number and a transcriptional terminator.

Abstract: DNA sequences coding for a human metalloproteinase are described together with the corresponding antisense DNA and RNA. The DNA may be used to produce the metalloproteinase which may be used to generate antibodies thereto and to obtain other compounds capable of regulating the action of the metalloproteinase in vivo.

Abstract: The present invention provides humanized antibody molecules (HAMs) having specificity for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and having an antigen binding site wherein at least one of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of the variable domains is derived from the mouse monoclonal antibody A5B7 (A5B7 MAB) and the remaining immunoglobulin-derived parts of the HAM are derived from a human immunoglobulin. The HAMs may be chimeric humanized antibodies or CDR-grafted humanized antibodies and are preferably produced by recombinant DNA techniques. The HAMs are useful for in vivo diagnosis and therapy.

Abstract: Tri-substituted phenyl derivatives having the general formula (I): ##STR1## In a preferred embodiment, Y is preferably an --XR.sup.a group, X is preferably --O--, Z is preferably an --XR.sup.5 group, R.sup.a is preferably hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl group, R.sup.1 is preferably an --NHC(--NCN)NHR.sup.13 or --NHC(.dbd.CHNO.sub.2)NHR.sup.13 group, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are preferably hydrogen, R.sup.5 is preferably an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkyl group, R.sup.12 is preferably hydrogen or a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group, R.sup.13 is preferably hydrogen, a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted phenylC.sub.1-3 alkyl group, Ar.sup.1 is preferably an optionally substituted nitrogen containing heteroaryl group, and Ar is preferably a phenyl group.

Abstract: Recombinant human phosphodiesterase type IVC is described, and DNA coding for it. Particular conformers of the enzyme are identified, including a R- and S-rolipram stereoselective conformer which is obtainable by expression of human phosphodiesterase type IVC DNA in mammalian or insect cells. The recombinant enzyme may be used in a screen to select a compound capable of modulating the action of the enzyme, or as an immunogen to generate an antibody.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA sequences which encode the complete amino acid sequence of a glutamine synthetase, vectors containing such sequences and methods for their use, in particular as dominant selectable markers, for use in co-amplification of non-selected genes and in transforming host cell lines to glutamine independence.

Abstract: Tri-substituted phenyl derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds have the general formula (2): ##STR1## wherein L is preferably --OR; R.sup.a is preferably an optionally substituted alkyl group; R is preferably an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group; R.sup.3 is preferably hydrogen; R.sup.4 is preferably hydrogen, --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --Ar or --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --Ar--(L.sup.1).sub.n --Ar'; R.sup.5 is preferably --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --Ar or --(CH.sub.2).sub.t ---Ar--(L.sup.1).sub.n --Ar'; R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are preferably hydrogen, L.sup.1 is preferably a divalent linking group; Ar is preferably a monocyclic or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl group; and Ar' is preferably Ar or an Ar containing group. Compounds of the invention are potent and selective phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitors and are useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of various diseases, such as asthma, which are associated with an unwanted inflammatory response or muscular spasm.

Abstract: Tri-substituted phenyl derivatives and processes for their preparation. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds have the general formula (2) ##STR1## wherein L is preferably --OR; Z is preferably --C(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)--C(R.sup.5)(R.sup.6)(R.sup.7); R is preferably an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group: R.sup.3 is preferably hydrogen; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, --(CH.sub.2).sub.t Ar or --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --Ar--(L.sup.1).sub.n --Ar'; R.sup.5 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.t Ar or --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --Ar--(L.sup.1).sub.n --Ar'; R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are preferably hydrogen or methyl; Ar is a monocyclic or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl group; L.sup.1 is a divalent linking group; and Ar' is Ar or an Ar containing group. Compounds of the invention are potent and selective phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitors and are useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of various diseases, such as asthma, which are associated with an unwanted inflammatory response or muscular spasm.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (1): ##STR1## are described wherein .dbd.W-- is (1) .dbd.C(Y)-- where Y is a halogen atom, or an alkyl, or --X.sup.a R.sup.1 group where X.sup.a is --O--, --S(O).sub.m -- ?where m is zero or an integer of value 1 or 2!, or --N(R.sup.a)-- ?where R.sup.a is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group! and R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group or, (2) .dbd.N--; X is as described above for X.sup.a or is a chain --CR.dbd.C(R.sup.b)-- or ?--CH(R)!.sub.q --CH(R.sup.b)-- where R is a hydrogen or a fluorine atom or a methyl group, R.sup.b is as described below for R.sup.2 and q is zero or the integer 1; R.sup.2 is (1) an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group when X is --O--, --S(O).sub.m -- or --N(R.sup.a)--; atoms or groups; R.sup.3 is an atom or group R.sup.13 ;R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or is as defined for R.sup.6 ; R.sup.5 is a hydrogen or a fluorine atom; R.sup.6 is a group --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (1) ##STR1## are described wherein .dbd.W-- is (1) .dbd.C(Y)-- where Y is a halogen atom, or an alkyl, (2) .dbd.N--; L is a --XR, ?where R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cyloalkenyl group!, Z is (1) a group --C(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)C(R.sup.5)(R.sup.6)(R.sup.7) or --C(R.sup.4).dbd.C(R.sup.5)(R.sup.6) where R.sup.3 is a hydrogen or a fluorine atom or an optionally substituted straight or branched alkyl group; R.sup.4 is a group selected from --X.sup.a L.sup.1 R.sup.12 ?where X.sup.a is as defined above for X, L.sup.1 is a linker group and R.sup.12 is a hydrogen atom or a cycloaliphatic, bicyclic aryl group --Alk.sup.1 R.sup.12 ?where Alk.sup.1 is an optionally substituted straight or branched alkenyl or alkynyl chain or Z is (2) a group --C(R.sup.4)C(R.sup.5)(R.sup.6)(R.sup.7) where R.sup.4 is a group .dbd.CH.sub.2, or .dbd.CH(L.sup.1).sub.n --R.sup.12 ; and the salts, solvates, hydrates, prodrugs and N-oxides thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein Y is a halogen atom or a group --OR.sup.1 where R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group;X is --O--, --S-- or --N(R.sup.8)--, where R.sup.8 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group;R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group;R.sup.3 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an --OR.sup.9 group, where R.sup.9 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkanoyl group, or a formyl, carboxamido or thiocarboxamido group;R.sup.4 is a group --(CH.sub.2).sub.n Ar, where Ar is a monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms and n is zero or an integer 1,2 or 3;R.sup.5 is a C.sub.3-9 carbocyclic ketone optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms;R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group;R.sup.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA sequences which encode the complete amino acid sequence of a glutamine synthetase, vectors containing such sequences, and methods for their use, in particular as dominant selectable markers, for use in co-amplification of non-selected genes and in transforming host cell lines to glutamine independence are disclosed.

Abstract: There is described a method for obtaining a eukaryotic cell containing in its DNA multiple copies of a GS gene, comprising: transforming a eukaryotic glutamine auxotroph with a GS gene; selecting transformant cells containing the GS gene; and culturing the selected transformant cells in a medium which lacks glutamine or in which the amount of glutamine is progressively depleted, the GS gene being of a character such that, or the conditions employed during the culturing step being such that, the GS gene is so weakly transcribed that the cells in which the GS gene has been amplified are selected.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (1) ##STR1## are described wherein Y is a halogen atom or a group --OR.sup.1, where R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group; X is --O--, --S-- or --N(R.sup.7)--, where R.sup.7 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, is each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.8 (where R.sup.8 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group), --CONR.sup.9 R.sup.10 (where R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 which may be the same or different is each a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group), --CSNR.sup.9 R.sup.10, --CN, --CH.sub.2 CN group; Z is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- (where n is zero or an integer 1, 2 or 3; R.sup.5 is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic aryl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms; R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (1) ##STR1## are described wherein Y is a halogen atom or a group --OR.sup.1, wherein R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group; X is --O--, --S--, or --N(R.sup.6), wherein R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group; R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, is each a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.7 (wherein R.sup.7 is a hydrogen atom, am optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, aryloxyalkyl, alkanoyloxyalkyl or aroyloxyalkyl group), --CONR.sup.8 R.sup.9 (where R.sup.8 and R.sup.9, which may be the same or different, is as defined for R.sup.7), --CSNR.sup.8 R.sup.9, --CN or --CH.sub.2 CN group; Z is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- where n is zero or an integer 1, 2 or 3; R.sup.

Abstract: Cross-linked antibody conjugates are described which have at least one interchain bridge containing a reporter or effector molecule. The bridge may be the residue of a homo-or heterofunctional cross-linking reagent, and is located away from the antigen binding domains of the antibody. The antibody conjugates have an enhanced binding capacity and in vivo have good blood clearance and, in the presence of a tumour high tumour; blood and tumour; bone ratios. The conjugates are of use in the diagnosis and therapy of e.g. tumours and may be prepared by reaction of a cross-linking reagent with an antibody.